Authors : Tsvi N. Riess

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/muzy5kmx

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/tam32swy

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun124

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The interplay among Organizational Power, Resource Dependency, Ideology, Cognitive Authority, and Emergent Brokers is fundamentally reshaping the governance landscape of 2026. This study introduces and validates the 2026 Power Dynamics Scale (PDS-26), a specialized instrument designed to measure how the transition from physical to digital presence affects managerial control and leadership legitimacy. Grounded in Upper Echelons Theory and New Institutionalism, the research examines the "Presence Paradox" in remote work and the tension between AI-driven algorithmic logic and seasoned human intuition. A quantitative content validation study with an elite panel of 10 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) established the PDS-26's content and face validity across diverse industry contexts. By assessing how decentralized models and automated protocols shift traditional "locations of power," the study identifies mechanisms, such as "Safety Traps" and "Algorithmic Subjectivity," that intermediaries use to maintain brokerage power. The resulting framework provides a validated methodological foundation for sustaining organizational governance and effectiveness in an increasingly technology-augmented, multi-generational corporate environment.

Keywords : Organizational Power, Cognitive Authority, Virtual Work Dynamics, AI Governance, Resource Dependency, Multi-Generational Workforce, Organizational Control 2026, Organizational Effectiveness.

References :

1. Abdi, F., et al. (2025). Predictive stock selection: A hybrid RF-CNN XG Boost model integrated with dynamic adaptive index and stepwise elimination techniques. Journal of Operations Intelligence, 3(1), 267–282.
2. Abhari, K. (2025). Employee Participation in Digital Transformation: From Digitalization Sentiment to Transformation Predisposition. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2025.104212
3. Afata et al. (2024). Change in Belongingness and Meaningful Work. 
4. Alsarhan, F., Horak, S., & Darwish, T. K. (May 2024). Relational gatekeeper behavior of HR managers in the Middle East: the role of informal networks.
   The International Journal of Human Resource Management Volume 35, 2024 - Issue 16 2635-2673    https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2359517

5. Alizadeh, A., Hirsch, F., Benlian. A., Weiner, M., & Crarm, A. (2023). Perceived Algorithmic Control: Conceptualization and Scale Development. European Conference on Information Systems. ECIS), 2023
6. Alawale, T. A., & Olusegun, F. M. (2026). Weaponizing safety traps: Institutional stability, elite patronage networks, and the resistance to automated organizational control. Journal of Developing Institutional Frameworks, 31(1), 74–91.
7. Ariyawansha, M. D. M., & Wickramasinghe, V. (2026). Effects of organizational politics on decision-making and project performance in project-based environments. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Business Research (ICBR), University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
8. Arshad et al. (2026). Power dynamics, organizational politics, and employee outcomes. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 10(4) 
9. Aykens, P., Lowmaster, K., McRae, E. R., & Shepp, J. (2026). 9 Trends Shaping Work in 2026 and Beyond. Published in the Harvard Business Review Digital Articles.
10. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, 17(1),99-120
11. Burt, D. (1992). Structural Brug, W., & Kritzinger, S. (2025). Generation and Political Change. West Europe Politics,48(4) 846-856
12. Brickley, J. A., Smith, W. C., & Zimmerman. L. (2007, 4^th Ed.). Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture, McGraw-Hill Inc., USA 
13. Cappelli, P., & Rogovsky, N. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: A Challenge for Human-Centered Agenda. ILO Working Paper 95, Geneva International Labor. 
14. Carrillo, F. (February 2026). Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Global Politics: How AI and ML Influence Power, Governance, Democracy, International Relations, Misinformation, and Polarization. Social Science Chronicle, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 1-11 https://doi.org/10.56106/ssc.2026.004
15. Cuaves, J. S., & Stokic, T. (May 2024). The Role of Hiring Managers regarding
16. Inclusion in the Workplace: A Case Study of an SME- Multinational Organization in the Cybersecurity Sector. Leadership and Organization
17. DiMaggio, P.J., &Walter, W. P. (July 2000). The Iron Cage Revisited: Isomorphism in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review 48(2):147-160 DOI: 10.2307/2095101
18. Dries, N., Leuven, K., Lucky, J., Ute, S., & Collings, D. G. (March 2025 ). The Future of Work: A Research Agenda. Journal of Management 51(5)         DOI:10.1177/01492063251320025
19. Egeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (September 2018). How Organizational Structure Affects the Actual Power Relationship between the Territorial Level of Governance. 

20. OXFORD Academic, Chapter 2, pp. 30-42 https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825074.003.002
21. Eurofound. (2026). Living and working in Europe 2025. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
22. Eurofound. (2026). European Working Conditions Survey 2024: Overview report. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
23. Fleming, P., & Spicer, A. (2007). Contesting the Corporation: Struggle, Power, and Resistance in Organization. Cambridge University Press
24. Grinberg, J., & Baron, A. (2003). Behavior in Organization: Understanding the Human Side of Work, Prentice-Hall, Wasserman, V., New Jersey Get rights and content.
25. Grieves, M. (2014). Digital twin: Manufacturing excellence through virtual product representation. White Paper. researchgate.net
26. Gorry, G. A., & Scott Morton, M. S. (1989). A framework for management information systems. Sloan Management Review, 13(1), 55–70.
27. Hassan, A., & Roberts, L. (2024). Coercive power: A double-edged sword in modern leadership. Leading Sapiens.
28. Heifetz & Linsky (2007). Leadership on the Line, Staying Alive Through the Dangers of Leading, HBS Press.
29. Hill, W. L. (2011,8^th Ed.). International Business: Competing in the Global Market. McGraw -Hill
30. Hambrick, D. CC., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper Echelons: The organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers. Academy of Management Review, 1984, Vol. 9, No. 2, 193-306
31. Handoyo, S. (2023). Worldwide Governance Indicators Cross-Country Data Set 2012-2022, Elsevier Inc.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.20232.109814
32. Harvard Business Review Editors. (2025). Our Favorite Management Tips of 2025. Harvard Business Review.
33. Hirvonen, N., Multas, A., Nygard, T., & Huotari, M.L. (2024). Cognitive Authority: A Scoping Review of Empirical Research. ARIST Paper.  Vol. 76, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24942
34. Jacobs, J. (2024). The Artificial Intelligence Shock and Socio -political Polarization. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 199 (2024)123006 
35. Jerab, D. (2023). The Effect of Organizational Structure on Corporate Governance. ResearchGate. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4549766
36. Jian, A. Y., Bisantz, A. M., Drury, C. G., & Llinas, J. (1998). Foundations for an Empirically Determined Scale of Trust in Automated Systems. OMB, No. 004-0188. US 
37. Kalman, Y. M. (2017). Technology and Innovation Management. Open University Raanana. Israel.  
38. Kuma, S., Wasserman, V., Leuchter, M., & Freedman, S. (2025). Organizational Behavior -Macro. Raanana.

39. Kumar, S., Roberts, J. (2020). Governance, Organizational. In: List, R., Anheier, H., Toepler, S. (eds) International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_103-1
40. Malcin, I., & Tzhor. Z. (1992). Leader and Leadership, From Arieli, J, Collected Essays. Zalman- Shazar Center, Jerusalem

Sonali, J., Swati. D., & Bhoopendra S. (February 2026).  Mary Barra: driving revolutionary change at General Motors. Available to Purchase, The Case Journal, 1-15  https://doi.org/10.1108/TCJ-03-2025-0099

41. Protecting Power, Silencing Truth. (LinkedIn/). Marilyn A M.  (September 2025)
42. Milanez, A., Lemmens, A., &Carla Ruggiu, C. (February 2025). ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: NEW EVIDENCE FROM AN OECD EMPLOYER SURVEY OECD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PAPERS February 2025 No. 31, OECD Publishing.
43. Morgan, G. (2010). Images of Organization. The Open University of Israel. Raanana
44. Moss et al. (2018). Helping Remote Workers Avoid Loneliness.
45. Odion, A. S., & Erimife, J. (March 2026). Understanding the Dynamics of Organization Politics and Career Development: A Conceptual Perspective. Kontagora International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3, Issue 1, March 2026 https://fuekjournals.org/index.php/kijer
46. Olawale, A., & Olusegun, O. (2026). Organizational Politics and Employee Citizenship Behavior of Selected Listed Food and Beverage Firms in Nigeria Sulaiman Musab. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration, 14 (3),43-56  https://doi.org/10.37745/gjpsa.2013/vol14n34356
47. Roberts, J., & Sarabajaya, K. (April 2020). Organizational Governance, Springer Nature Link.
48. Salvador, G.V., Lloyd. R., & Vengrouske, E. F. (June 2019). Human Resources as Ethical Gatekeepers: Hiring Ethics and Employee Selection. Journal of Leadership Accountability and Ethics 16 (2)     DOI:10.33423/jlae. v16i2.2024
49. Samuel, Y. (2002).  The Political Game: Power & Influence in Organization. Zamora-Bitan, Hifah 
50. Shrestha. R., Ben-Menahen, S. N., & Vonkrogah , G. (2019). Organizational Decision-Making Structures in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. California Management Review 61(4) 66-83 
51. Simonova, B., Galliers, R. D., & Karamasios, S. S. (March 2022). Power Dynamics in Organization and the Role of Information Systems. Information Systems Journal, Vol. 32, Issue 2, 233–241.  https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12373 vjuerho 

52. Singa, K. V., & Gupta, R. (September 2025). From Taylorism to Algorithmic Management: How Technological Evolution Reshapes Foundational Management Principles. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science 14(8):1688-1695    DOI:10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1408000206
53. Sun, Y., & Xu, C. (2025). Hybrid cognitive authority and algorithmic subjectivity: Rethinking knowledge management in AI-driven communication. Journal of Knowledge Management, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-02-2025-0252
54. Townley, B. (1993). Foucault Power/Knowledge, and Its Relevance for Human Resource Management.  Academy of Management Review, 18(3) 518-545   
55. Traub, S.S. (2021). CEO Mind, Matar Publishing House, Israel.
56. Weber, M. (1968). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology
57. (G. Roth & C. Wittich, Eds.). University of California Press. (Original work published in 1921)
58. Wasserman, V., Perez, M., Waismel, R., & Lazar, T. (2024). Organizational Behavior. The Open University Books, Raanana
59. Westover, J. H. (November 2025). Navigating Power Dynamics in Sustainability Transformation: Extending Integration Mechanisms Across Organizational Boundaries. Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 9925. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17229925  
60. Wilson, P. (1983). Second-hand knowledge: An inquiry into cognitive authority. Greenwood Press.
61. Yang et al. (2021). The Effect of Remote Work
62. Zheng, Y., & Khan, R. (2025). Optimal design and efficiency improvement of fluid machinery and systems. Frontiers in Energy Research, 13
63. Zaleznik, A (1970). Power and Politics in Organizational Life, From the Magazine (May 1970). H.B. R