Authors : Sahil Gandhadauru; Atharv Gaonkar; Shrey Kanojia; Eshita Lopes; Nilambari Narkar

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4dpuvw8m

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/ycr3nu2y

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar316

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Road accidents involving two-wheelers remain one of the leading causes of serious injuries and fatalities worldwide, particularly due to delayed emergency response and the absence of intelligent safety mechanisms. Conventional helmets offer only passive protection and fail to provide any automated assistance during or after an accident. To address this limitation, this paper presents HALO-4, a modular and intelligent smart helmet designed to enhance rider safety through real-time monitoring and automated emergency alerting. The HALO-4 system integrates sensor-based crash detection using an MPU6050 accelerometer and gyroscope module to ac- curately identify sudden impacts and abnormal motion patterns. Upon detecting a potential accident, the system automatically retrieves the rider’s real-time location using a GPS module and transmits emergency alerts via a GSM module to predefined contacts such as family members, medical services, or author- ities. Bluetooth connectivity is incorporated to enable seamless interaction with a mobile application, allowing real-time status monitoring and system configuration. Additionally, the modular design supports optional features such as alcohol detection to prevent riding under unsafe conditions. The entire system is built around a microcontroller-based architecture optimized for low power consumption, reliability, and fast response time. Both hardware and software components were implemented and tested under controlled conditions to evaluate system performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the HALO-4 prototype can reliably detect crash events and transmit emergency notifications within a short time frame, significantly reducing response delays. The proposed system highlights the potential of integrating embedded systems and IoT technologies to improve road safety for twowheeler riders. HALO-4 offers a scalable and cost- effective solution that can be further enhanced with advanced features such as cloud integration and data analytics, contributing to safer and smarter transportation systems.

Keywords : Smart Helmet, Crash Detection, MPU6050, GSM, GPS, Arduino, Emergency Alerting, HALO-4.

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