Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report


Authors : Dr. Shivansh Yadav; Dr. Jayprakash A; Dr. Rekha S Patil

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 2 - February


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/vkych82w

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2kjc2dp2

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25feb1488

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation. The condition may be genetic (primary HLH) or secondary to infections, malignancies, or autoimmune diseases. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent multi-organ failure and mortality. We present a case of HLH diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory criteria, highlighting the diagnostic challenges, treatment approach, and patient outcome.

References :

  1. Henter JI, Horne A, Aricó M, Egeler RM, Filipovich AH, Imashuku S, et al. HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48(2):124-31. doi:10.1002/pbc.21039.
  2. Jordan MB, Allen CE, Greenberg J, Henry M, Hermiston ML, Kumar A, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Recommendations from the North American Consortium for Histiocytosis (NACHO). Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019;66(11):e27929. doi:10.1002/pbc.27929.
  3. La Rosée P, Horne A, Hines M, von Bahr Greenwood T, Machowicz R, Berliner N, et al. Recommendations for the management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults. Blood. 2019;133(23):2465-77. doi:10.1182/blood.2018894618.
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  6. Eloseily EM, Weiser P, Crayne CB, Haines H, Mannion ML, Stoll ML, et al. Benefit of anakinra in treating pediatric secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(2):326-34. doi:10.1002/art.41103.
  7. Marsh RA, Jordan MB, Talano JA, Nichols KE, Kumar A, McClain KL, et al. Salvage therapy for refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A review of the published experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017;64(4):e26308. doi:10.1002/pbc.26308.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation. The condition may be genetic (primary HLH) or secondary to infections, malignancies, or autoimmune diseases. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent multi-organ failure and mortality. We present a case of HLH diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory criteria, highlighting the diagnostic challenges, treatment approach, and patient outcome.

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