Drinking water quality is one of the major factors affecting human health. However, drinking water quality is undesirable in many countries, especially in developing countries, and poor drinking water quality causes many water-borne diseases. This special issue on exposure and health provides a better understanding of the impact of drinking water quality on public health and the ability to take appropriate steps to improve drinking water quality in many countries. This editorial introduction reviews some of the latest research on drinking water quality and public health, briefly summarizes the gist of each article in this issue, and then further scientifically on drinking water quality and public health.