Authors :
Guruprasad C. Nille; Omkar S. Nille; Anand K. Chaudhary
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 6 - June
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/yj22yzrh
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/4p8fh2wa
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN553
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Copper has been widely used for various
purposes since the Vedic periods. It plays a vital role in
human physiology and has been used to treat different
ailments in its mineral forms. Tamra Bhasma, the oldest
medicinal form of copper, has been used in Ayurveda
for centuries. In the traditional practice of Ayurvedic
pharmaceutics, copper is converted into its safe and
effective nanomedicine form, Tamra Bhasma. This
literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of
copper (Tamra), covering its traditional uses,
pharmaceutical processes, therapeutic applications,
pharmacological activities, safety profiles, and reports
on the structural identification of Tamra Bhasma. This
examination extends from the Vedic and Samhita
periods to recent developments.
Keywords :
Copper, Tamra, Bhasma, Ayurveda, Rasa Shastra
References :
- Shulva Shastra, Sharma HS, Gujarat Ayurved University press, pp 5 (1971).
- Dixit SK, Studies on Copper Bhasma, Ph.D. Thesis, submitted to Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (1980)
- Jagtap CY, Galib R, Prajapati PK. Brief review of Tamra Bhasma (calcined copper) - a metal based ayurvedic formulation, J. Res. Educ. Indian Med., 2013; XIX (1-2) 17-28.
- Jha CB. Ayurvediya Rasashastra, Reprint, 2015, Chaukhambha Surbharati, Varanasi. Pg.327
- Mishra SN. Ayurvediy Rasashastra, 15th Ed., 2006, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi. Pg. 438
- Rasaprakash Sudhakar, Siddhiprada Hindi commentary by Siddhinandan Mishra, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 5/77, pp 103 (2009).
- Rasaratna Samuchchaya, edited by Kulkarni D. A., Meharchanda Lakshmandas Publication, New Delhi, 2/132, 134, pp 38 (2010).
- Rasatarangini, Rasavigyana Hindi commentary by Pandit Kashinath Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas Publication, Delhi, 11th edition, 21/137-38,140- 42, pp 545-6 (1979).
- Rasarnava, Rasachandrika Hindi commentary by Indradev Tripathi, Choukhamba Sanskrita Series, Varanasi, 4th edition, 7/8-11, pp 93 (2001).
- Rasaprakash Sudhakar, Siddhiprada Hindi commentary by Siddhinandan Mishra, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 5/126-130, pp 122 (2009).
- Rasaratna Samuchchaya, edited by Kulkarni D. A., Meharchanda Lakshmandas Publication, New Delhi, 2/87,89, pp 30 (2010).
- Rasatarangini, Rasavigyana Hindi commentary by Pandit Kashinath Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas Publication, Delhi, 11th edition, 21/43-48, pp 528, (1979).
- Rasatarangini, Rasavigyana Hindi commentary by Pandit Kashinath Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas Publication, Delhi, 11th edition, 17/116-123, pp 433-4 (1979).
- Rasaratna Samuchchaya, edited by Kulkarni D.A., Meharchanda Lakshmandas Publication, New Delhi, 5/29, 134, pp 93 (2010).
- Rasapaddhati, Siddhiprada Hindi commentary by Siddhinandan Mishra, Choukhamba orientalia, Varanasi, 2nd edition, pp 62 (2005).
- Rasa Ratnakar, Shashiprabha hindi commentary by Swaminath Mishra, Choukhamba orientalia, Varanasi, 2nd edition, 3/105, pp 37-8 (2003).
- Rasakamdhenu, Upakaranpada, commentary by Yadavaji Trikamji, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 1/10, pp129 (1990).
- Rasatarangini, Rasavigyana Hindi commentary by Pandit Kashinath Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas Publication, Delhi, 11th edition, 15/1-5, pp 362 (1979).
- Sharangdhara Samhita, Jiwanprada commentary by Shailaja Shrivastava, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, Reprint, Madhya khanda, 11/2-3, pp 257 (2016)
- Rasatarangini, Rasavigyana Hindi commentary by Pandit Kashinath Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas Publication, Delhi, 11th edition, 2/58, pp 24 (1979).
- Rasatarangini, Rasavigyana Hindi commentary by Pandit Kashinath Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas Publication, Delhi, 11th edition, 17/52, pp 422 (1979).
- Elvehjem, C.A., The biological significance of copper and its relation to iron metabolism. Phyhsiological Review 15, 471-507, 1935.
- Honwad SV and Reena Mahagaonkar. Concept of Shodhana and its effect with special reference to Tamra (copper). IJRAP, 3(1): 51-54 (2012).
- Honwad SV, Mahagonkar R, Concept of Shodhana and its effects with special reference toTamra (copper), International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. 2. 1471-1473 (2012).
- Bhrita Rasaraja Sundara, translated by Dattaram Choube, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 3rd edition, Tamra Prakarana, pp 74 (2000).
- Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology by Dr. Bernard Kuight.
- Parikh’s text book of Medical Jurisprudence and toxicology by Dr. C. K. Parikh.
- A short text book of medical jurisprudence and toxicology by Dr. C. Mallik.
- Mohan M, Saad M, Tambe S, Pande S, Kulkarni A, Bakare S, Mohite A. Pre-Clinical Toxicity Study of Tamra Bhasma on Albino Wistar Rats. Int Res J Pharm. 2018;9(1):36–46.
- Chaudhari S, Jagtap C, Thakkar J, Galib R, Prajapati P. Assessment of genotoxic potential of Tamra Bhasma (incinerated copper). Int J Green Pharm. 2015;9(3):175.
- Jagtap CY, Ashok BK, Patgiri BJ, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Acute and subchronic toxicity study of Tamra Bhasma (incinerated copper) prepared from Ashodhita (unpurified) and Shodhita (purified) Tamra in rats. Indian J Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2013 May [cited 2021 Feb 27];75(3):346–52. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3783753/
- Vahalia MK, Nadkarni KSTS, Sangle VD. Chronic Toxicity Study for Tamra Bhasma (A Generic Ayurvedic Mineral Formulation) in Laboratory Animals. 2011;3(11):76–9.
- Chaudhari SY, Nariya MB, Galib R, Prajapati PK. Acute and subchronic toxicity study of Tamra Bhasma (incinerated copper) prepared with and without Amritikarana. J Ayurveda Integr Med [Internet]. 2016;7(1):23–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2015.11.001
- Pattanaik N, Singh A V, Pandey RS, Singh BK, Kumar M. Toxicology and free radicals scavenging property of Tamrabhasma. 2003;181–9.
- Jagtap CY, Ashok BK, Patgiri BJ, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Comparative anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Tamra Bhasma (incinerated copper) prepared from (purified) and Ashodhita Tamra (raw copper). Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2013;
- Rai RK, Jha CB, Chansuriya JPN, Kohli KR. Comparative assessment of antihyperlipidaemic action of Tamra Bhasma. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2008;
- Tripathi YB, Singh VP. Role of Tamra Bhasma, an Ayurvedic preparation, in the management of lipid peroxidation in liver of albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol [Internet]. 1996 Jan;34(1):66–70. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8698411
- Chaudhari SY, Ruknuddin G, J PB, Kumar PP, Bhasma K, Bhasma ST, Bhasma T. Original Article Effect of Tamra Bhasma (Calcined Copper) on Ponderal and Biochemical Parameters. 2014;(2):156–9.
- 39. Biswas Kumar: samir R., Ghosh’s pharmacology material medica and therapeutics 1965, p. 352
- Goodman and Alfred Gilman, The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 3rd edition, 1969.
- B.L. Pandey et al, A study of effect of Tamra Bhasma on experimental Gastric ulcer and secretions. Ind. Jour Exp. Biology, Vol. 21, May, 1983, p. 258-264.
- Menguy, R. and Desbaillets L. Ann. Surg. 168 (1968) 475.
- Maddox, J.S., Biochem, Biophysics Acta 306 (1973), 74.
- Rabert A. Gastroenterology 77 (1979) 761.
- Oster G. and Salgo M.P. Adv. Pharmacology chemotherapy 14(1977)327.
- Singh P.P. and Das P.K. phycopharmaclogy 56 (1977), 327.
- Sanyal A.K., Pandy B.L. and Goel R.K.J. Ethnopharmacology 5 (1982), 79.
- Leung et al Ascorbic acid with Cupric ion as a chemotherapy for human lung tumor (Medicine) (R), 1992.
- Wadekar, M. P., Rode, C. V., Bendale, Y. N., Patil, K. R., & Prabhune, A. A. (2005). Preparation and characterization of a copper based Indian traditional drug: Tamra Bhasma. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 39(5), 951–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.015
- Singh, R. K., Kumar, S., Aman, A. K., Karim, S. M., Kumar, S., & Kar, M. (2019). Study on physical properties of Ayurvedic nanocrystalline Tamra Bhasma by employing modern scientific tools. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 10(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.06.012
- Dr. Lalit Mohan Sah (2005), M.D. thesis, submitted to Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
- Reddy S, Chaudhari AK, Prajapati PK, Subrata De, Ravishankar B. Comparative pharmaceutico pharmacoclinical study of Tamra Bhasma (prepared by applying different Rasa Bhasmas) w.s.r. to its effect on Sthaulya. PG Dissertation Submitted to Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, 2006.
- Jagtap, C. Y., Prajapati, P., Patgiri, B., & Shukla, V. J. (2012). Quality control parameters for Tamra (copper) Bhasma. Ancient science of life, 31(4), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.107348
- Chaudhari, S. Y., Jagtap, C. Y., Galib, R., Bedarkar, P. B., Patgiri, B., & Prajapati, P. K. (2013). Review of research works done on Tamra Bhasma [Incinerated Copper] at Institute for Post-Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar. Ayu, 34(1), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.115440
Copper has been widely used for various
purposes since the Vedic periods. It plays a vital role in
human physiology and has been used to treat different
ailments in its mineral forms. Tamra Bhasma, the oldest
medicinal form of copper, has been used in Ayurveda
for centuries. In the traditional practice of Ayurvedic
pharmaceutics, copper is converted into its safe and
effective nanomedicine form, Tamra Bhasma. This
literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of
copper (Tamra), covering its traditional uses,
pharmaceutical processes, therapeutic applications,
pharmacological activities, safety profiles, and reports
on the structural identification of Tamra Bhasma. This
examination extends from the Vedic and Samhita
periods to recent developments.
Keywords :
Copper, Tamra, Bhasma, Ayurveda, Rasa Shastra