Housing and Reintegration Problems of Displaced People from Conflict Zone in Cameroon


Authors : Nitcheu Noubissie Paul Armel; ABA Nkasse Alain

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 9 - September

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yww2wtpt

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3p896nw5

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24SEP1633

PlumX Metrics

Semantic Scholar

ResearchGate

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The aim of this article is to present and summarize all the research focused for the study of the design of a sustainable reception center for displaced populations in the Dschang area of Cameroon, specifically in the Tchoualé neighborhood. This topic is of crucial importance in light of the increasing conflicts and forced displacements worldwide. The motivations behind this study are based on the urgency of addressing the fundamental needs of displaced individuals, who often face precarious living conditions and a lack of basic infrastructure. The central issue was to determine how to design a reception center that not only meets the immediate and evolving needs of the displaced but is also sustainable and resilient. The research questions included assessing the current state of existing reception centers, evaluating the specific needs of the displaced, developing an appropriate architectural approach for this context, and assessing the project's impacts. The overall objective was to design a sustainable reception center that highlights a comprehensive architectural program addressing the essential needs of displaced populations. Specific objectives included producing a critical analysis of the living conditions of the displaced, developing an adapted approach for the center, creating digital models, and evaluating the impact and feasibility of the project.

Keywords : Humanitarian Architecture; Sustainable Reception Center; Displaced Persons; Conflict Zones; Dschang; Cameroon.

References :

  1. A. N. Tchamba (2012). Climat et Météorologie du Cameroun. Université de Yaoundé, Département de Géographie
  2. Amnesty International. (2019). Cameroun : Des civils victimes de violations des droits humains dans les régions anglophones. https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2019/06/cameroon-civilians-trapped-in-cycle-of-violence/
  3. Armand C. (2016). Les conflits dans le monde, approche géopolitique 2e édition. [Consulté en juin 2024].https://www.dunod.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/Feuilletage_353.pdf
  4. Beatley, T. (2012). Green cities of Europe: global lessons on green urbanism. Island Press.
  5. Brina A. (2021). Restructuration de l’asile : ce qu’on sait sur les centres fédéraux [Consulté en juin 2024]. https://asile.ch/2017/04/11/aldo-brina-restructuration-de-lasile-quon-sait-centres-federaux/
  6. Cohen-Shacham E., Walters G., Janzen C., Maginnis S. (2016). Nature-based solutions to address global societal challenges. IUCN.
  7. Conflit (sciences sociales) — Wikipedia (wikipedia.org)
  8. Crise anglophone au Cameroun — Wikipédia (wikipedia.org)
  9. D. J. Mitchell, Architecture and the Human Experience: The Impact of Design on Well-Being (New York: Routledge, 2017), p. 45.
  10. Durand J. (2003). Architecture et développement durable.
  11. Duvernoy S. (2009). La construction durable.
  12. Friedrich E S. (2020). Vulnérabilités dans les zones touches par les conflits au Cameroun ; causes, manifestations et conséquences sur les populations. [Consulté en juillet 2024].
  13. Friedrich E S. (2020). Vulnérabilités dans les zones touches par les conflits au Cameroun ; causes, manifestations et conséquences sur les populations. [Consulté en juillet 2024].https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kamerun/19051-20220801.pdf
  14. Gauzin-Müller D. (2001). Architecture durable.
  15. Gutschalk N. (2018). Une nouvelle patrie – ou comment l’architecture crée l’intégration pour réfugiés. Life At Home.
  16. Hassler U., Kohler, N. (2014). Resilience in the built environment. Building Research & Information, 42(2). 119-129 p.
  17. HCR. (2022). Rapport sur les déplacements de populations au Cameroun. Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les Réfugiés. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92345
  18. HCR. (2022). Rapport sur les déplacements de populations au Cameroun. Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les Réfugiés. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92345
  19. Holling C S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 4(1), 1-23 p.
  20. IFRI. (2022). Boko haram dans la région de l’extrême nord Cameroun : l’arbre qui cache la forêt. [Consulté en juillet 2024].https://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/dgris/Note%2032%20-%20Boko%20Haram%20l%27arbre%20qui%20cache%20la%20foret.pdf
  21. IKEA Foundation. Better Shelter, IKEA Foundation and UNHCR ready to improve life for thousands of refugee families https://ikeafoundation.org/press-release/better-shelter-ikea-foundation-and-unhcr-ready-to-improve-life-for-thousands-of-refugee-families/ (accessed 18 dec 2021).
  22. IKEA Foundation. Better Shelter, IKEA Foundation and UNHCR ready to improve life for thousands of refugee families https://ikeafoundation.org/press-release/better-shelter-ikea-foundation-and-unhcr-ready-to-improve-life-for-thousands-of-refugee-families/ (accessed 18 dec 2021).
  23. International Crisis Group. (2020). Cameroun: Stopping the Spread of Conflict to the Northwest and Southwest. Rapport Afrique
  24. International Crisis Group. (2020). Cameroun: Stopping the Spread of Conflict to the Northwest and Southwest. Rapport Afrique n°272.  https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/cameroun/272-cameroun-endiguer-la-propagation-du-conflit-dans-le-nord-ouest-et-le-sud-ouest
  25. IOM, USAID, IASC. (2014). Réponse aux désastres : Abris d’urgence, habitat et regroupements. [Consulté en juin 2024]. https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/migrated_files/pbn/docs/Reponse-aux-desastres-Abris-durgence-habitat-et-regroupements.pdf
  26. IOM, USAID, IASC. (2014). Réponse aux désastres : Abris d’urgence, habitat et regroupements. [Consulté en juin 2024]. https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/migrated_files/pbn/docs/Reponse-aux-desastres-Abris-durgence-habitat-et-regroupements.pdf
  27. IOM. (2022). Rapport de suivi des déplacements, république du Cameroun. [Juin2024].https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM_CMR_Rapport%20de%20suivi%20des%20deplacements_Round%20R25_NTB.pdf
  28. IOM. (2023). Cameroon West and Central Africa. [Consulté en juillet 2024]. https://dtm.iom.int/fr/node/58
  29. IOM. (2024). Cameroun-suivi des urgences 95 (22-26 Mai 2024). [Consulté en juin 2024].
  30. Korbi M., Migotto A. (2019). Between Rationalization and Political Project: The Existenzminimum from Klein and Teige to Today, Urban Planning 2019, 4, 299-314.p
  31. Magrou R. (2011). Habiter un container ? Editions OUEST-FRANCE : Rennes. 58-59 p.
  32. Marchand B. (2019). Moving on: Is Existenzminimum Still Relevant? Urban Planning, 4, 186 p.
  33. Meerow S., Newell J P., Stults M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and urban planning. 147, 38-49 p.
  34. Ministère de l'Administration Territoriale. (2020). Rapport sur la gestion des déplacés dans les régions du Grand Ouest. Gouvernement du Cameroun. https://www.minatd.gov.cm/rapport-deplaces-grand-ouest/
  35. Mondial 2023: Cameroun | Human Rights Watch (hrw.org) Cameroun | Rapports de situation (unocha.org)
  36. Mondial 2023: Cameroun | Human Rights Watch (hrw.org) Cameroun | Rapports de situation (unocha.org)
  37. MSF (Médecins Sans Frontières) : https://www.msf.org/fr
  38. NATIONS UNIES CAMEROUN. (2022). Étude de base du projet. [Consulté en juin 2024].https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2022/11/rapport_etude_de_base_draft_3.pdf
  39. OCHA Brookings Project on internal Displacement. Manuel d’application des principes directeurs relatifs aux déplacements internes. [Consulté en juin 2024]. https://emergency.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/HCR%20%20Manuel%20pour%20la%20protection%20des%20d%C3%A9plac%C3%A9s%20internes.pdf
  40. OCHA. (2021). Aperçu des besoins humanitaires au Cameroun. Bureau de la coordination des affaires humanitaires des Nations Unies. https://reliefweb.int/report/cameroon/aper-u-des-besoins-humanitaires-au-cameroun-2021
  41. OCHA. (2024). CAMEROUN Rapport de situation. [Consulté en juin 2024].https://reports.unocha.org/fr/country/cameroon
  42. Oliver P. (1997). Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World. Cambridge University Press.
  43. ONU-Habitat (2015). Conception de bâtiments durable en milieu tropical : Québec (Canada). 426p
  44. République du Cameroun. (2014). Code de l'Urbanisme du Cameroun. Ministère de l'Urbanisme et de l'Habitat
  45. Rodin, J. (2014). The resilience dividend: Being strong in a world where things go wrong Public Affairs.
  46. Sandra F., Mendler. , al. (2006). Sustainable architecture
  47. Shelter Projects: https://www.shelterprojects.org/
  48. Sundeep W. (2024). Entre guerre et paix. Histoire politique des conflits dans le monde. [Consulté en juin 2024]. https://www.calameo.com/read/00478202308457480472f?page=12
  49. Toninato A. Le futur centre pour migrants cristallise les oppositions. Tribune de Genève.
  50. UNHCR (Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés) : https://www.unhcr.org/fr/
  51. UNHCR Suisse. (2021). Personnes déplacées internes. [Consulté en juin 2024]. https://www.unhcr.org/dach/ch-fr/en-bref/qui-nous-aidons/deplaces-internes
  52. USAID. (2022). USAID-BHA Cameroon Assistance Overview-September 2022. [Consulté en juillet 2024]. BHA_Cameroon_Assistance_Overview_September_2022-French.pdf
  53. Wainwright O. (2017). Why Ikea’s Flatpack Refugee Shelter Won Design of the Year. The Guardian.
  54. Walker B., Salt D. (2006). Resilience thinking: sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world. Island press.
  55. Wikipédia. (2014). Déplacés internes. [Consulté en mai 2024]. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9plac%C3%A9s_internes

The aim of this article is to present and summarize all the research focused for the study of the design of a sustainable reception center for displaced populations in the Dschang area of Cameroon, specifically in the Tchoualé neighborhood. This topic is of crucial importance in light of the increasing conflicts and forced displacements worldwide. The motivations behind this study are based on the urgency of addressing the fundamental needs of displaced individuals, who often face precarious living conditions and a lack of basic infrastructure. The central issue was to determine how to design a reception center that not only meets the immediate and evolving needs of the displaced but is also sustainable and resilient. The research questions included assessing the current state of existing reception centers, evaluating the specific needs of the displaced, developing an appropriate architectural approach for this context, and assessing the project's impacts. The overall objective was to design a sustainable reception center that highlights a comprehensive architectural program addressing the essential needs of displaced populations. Specific objectives included producing a critical analysis of the living conditions of the displaced, developing an adapted approach for the center, creating digital models, and evaluating the impact and feasibility of the project.

Keywords : Humanitarian Architecture; Sustainable Reception Center; Displaced Persons; Conflict Zones; Dschang; Cameroon.

Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe