Authors : Kawu Ahidjo Abdulkadiri

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4mck3v4k

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/22cj8wpb

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr856

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a transformative tool in spine surgery, enabling patientspecific anatomical models that enhance preoperative planning, improve surgical accuracy, and reduce operative time. However, adoption in low-resource settings has been limited by perceived high costs and technical barriers. This study evaluates the feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and potential impact of deploying low-cost 3D printing technology for spine surgery planning at the National Orthopaedic Hospital (NOH), Dala, Kano, Nigeria.  Methods A mixed-methods feasibility study was conducted between January and December 2025. Technical assessment evaluated entry-level 3D printers (Ender 3 Pro with direct drive modification) and open-source segmentation software (3D Slicer). Cost analysis compared traditional preoperative planning with 3D model-assisted planning for complex spine procedures. Surgeon perceptions were assessed using structured questionnaires administered to all 7 consultant spine surgeons at NOH, Dala. Clinical outcomes from 30 consecutive complex spine procedures were retrospectively reviewed.  Results The total equipment cost for establishing a basic 3D printing laboratory was estimated at ₦850,000 (approximately $550 USD), comprising printer (₦350,000), modification kit (₦75,000), materials (₦125,000), and computer workstation (₦300,000). Per-model material cost ranged from ₦8,000 to ₦15,000 ($5–10 USD), significantly lower than commercial alternatives (₦150,000–₦300,000). All 7 spine surgeons (100% response rate) participated; mean age 49.2 ± 6.8 years, mean experience 14.6 ± 5.4 years. Prior awareness of 3D printing in spine surgery was 57.1%, but only 14.3% had practical exposure. Following demonstration, 100% agreed that 3D models would improve preoperative planning for complex cases. Perceived benefits included enhanced understanding of complex anatomy (100%), improved pedicle screw placement accuracy (85.7%), reduced operative time (71.4%), and better trainee education (100%). Concerns included learning curve (57.1%), maintenance challenges (42.9%), and material supply reliability (28.6%). Retrospective review of 30 complex spine procedures showed that 3D model-assisted planning could potentially reduce mean operative time by 45–60 minutes, decrease blood loss by 150–200 mL, and improve screw placement accuracy.  Conclusion Low-cost 3D printing technology is technically and economically feasible for spine surgery planning at NOH, Dala. Initial investment is modest, per-model costs are affordable, and surgeon perceptions are overwhelmingly positive. Implementation could significantly improve surgical outcomes, enhance trainee education, and position NOH, Dala as a regional centre for advanced spine care. Investment in equipment, training, and maintenance infrastructure is recommended.

Keywords : 3D Printing, Spine Surgery, Preoperative Planning, Low-Cost Technology, Nigeria

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