Authors : Princewill Odinaka Onyema; Fatima Umar Zambuk; Badamasi Imam Ya’u; Sabiratu Aliyu; Faith Ckukwu

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/bdewm9h9

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/mynru3en

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr262

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This study presents a hybrid IoT enabled accident reporting system designed to improve the continuity and responsiveness of emergency communication in low coverage environments. The study addresses the weaknesses of conventional reporting methods and single network IoT architectures by combining sensing, communication, cloud, and application layers in one event driven framework. The system was implemented in Node RED with Firebase Realtime Database, FlowFuse Dashboard, and Node RED World Map. Accident events were generated periodically and routed through a primary cellular path with satellite failover when the primary path was unavailable. In the observed run, six alerts were generated and all were delivered, with five transmitted through the cellular path and one through satellite failover. The observed delivery success rate was one hundred percent, while the weighted average delay was one point six five seconds. The results show that the proposed hybrid architecture improves accident reporting reliability and provides a practical basis for resilient emergency monitoring systems.

Keywords : IoT; Accident Reporting; Failover Communication; Emergency Response; Cloud Monitoring; Node RED.

References :

1. M. H. Alkinani, M. A. Alqarni, A. I. Alzahrani, and S. T. Alharbi, "5G-enabled IoT-based emergency response system with edge intelligence," Sensors, vol. 22, no. 18, 2022.
2. S. B. Balasubramanian, P. Balaji, and A. Munshi, "Edge computing for low-latency emergency response in IoT systems," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 138, pp. 317-329, 2023.
3. A. Chowdhury, S. Kaisar, M. E. Khoda, R. Naha, M. A. Khoshkholghi, and M. Aiash, "IoT-based emergency vehicle services in intelligent transportation systems," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 11, 2023.
4. A. Sahraei and S. Al Mamari, "A comprehensive review of IoT-based accident detection and reporting systems," Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 4, 2025.
5. Y. Li, X. Zhang, and J. Wang, "Integrated satellite-terrestrial communication systems for disaster and emergency scenarios," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 112345-112357, 2021.
6. R. Sudarmani, M. Prasad, and K. V. Reddy, "Machine-to-machine communication frameworks for reliable IoT systems," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 201, 2022.
7. F. U. Zambuk, S. Mohammed, and A. Ahmed, "Satellite-based road accident monitoring and database system for Nigeria," International Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 112-123, 2025.
8. P. O. Onyema, "A hybrid IoT-enabled accident reporting system with cloud based real-time communication and failover mechanism,"