Authors : U. Yuguda; N. Z. Gaza; B. A. Mohammed; C. O. Chime; S. K. Ogbuokebe

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mr432eny

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yju4nmr2

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar459

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Efficient water management is critical for sustainable agriculture, particularly in regions with limited water resources. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-power 2.4 GHz RF communication framework for IoT-based multi-zone agricultural irrigation control using the ATmega328 microcontroller and nRF24L01 transceiver module. The system adopts a star topology, where a central master node communicates wirelessly with multiple field nodes, each equipped with soil moisture sensors and solenoid-controlled irrigation valves. A lightweight packet-based communication protocol enables reliable data exchange and remote valve control while minimizing power consumption. Experimental evaluation demonstrates a high packet delivery ratio (>95%), low transmission latency, and effective water distribution across multiple irrigation zones up to 100 meters in open-field conditions. Power analysis confirms suitability for battery-operated deployments, with further enhancement achievable via solar energy integration. The proposed framework provides a cost-effective, scalable, and energy-efficient solution for precision irrigation, enhancing crop productivity and resource utilization.

Keywords : IoT; Agricultural Irrigation; Low-Power RF Communication; ATmega328; nRF24L01; Multi-Zone Control.

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