Authors : John Michael P. Orsos

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/5n8kr7rm

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2tjbrvwa

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr467

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Social protection consists of public measures that protect individuals and families from economic and social hardship. The goal is to ensure a minimum level of well-being for everyone. Its three pillars—social assistance, social insurance, and labor market programs—help households and workers manage crises, escape poverty, navigate transitions, and find job opportunities. Well-designed social protection programs offer a strong return on investment, support long-term growth, and help people become more resilient (World Bank Group, 2025). However, it takes years to close the gaps in extending social services. Full coverage for those living in extreme poverty, especially in low- and middle-income countries, remains a challenge due to uneven benefits. To speed up progress, the World Bank suggests three policy actions tailored to each country’s situation, capabilities, and financial limitations. First, coverage must grow by investing limited resources in low-income countries in infrastructure like databases, digital payments, and case management systems. Second, support should be customized to help people, particularly in middle-income countries, move beyond mere survival toward selfreliance. Finally, countries need to create shock-responsive systems by improving data, payment methods, and early warning tools. This will provide timely support and job stability during crises. Therefore, ensuring that vulnerable individuals and populations have access to quality social services continues to be a major challenge.

Keywords : Social Protection, Public Measures, Economic Distress, Well-Being, Social Assistance, Social Insurance, Labor Market Programs, Poverty, Resilience, Coverage, Benefits, Policy Actions, Coverage Expansion, Infrastructure, Self-Reliance, ShockResponsive Systems.

References :

1. Abdulaziz, S. K., & Maiyaki, A. A. (2021). Moderating role of perceived transparency on the relationship between service fairness and customer loyalty. The International Journal of Business & Management, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.24940/theijbm/2021/v9/i2/BM2102-011
2. Adams, D. (2024). OECD social, employment and migration working papers: No. 305. DELSA/ELSA/WD/SEM(2024)3. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
3. Aldaba, F. T. (2023, April). Republic of the Philippines: Strengthening social protection, education, and health reforms facility – An assessment of the social protection system and the plan for 2020–2022. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/
4. Baloyi, V. A. B. (2023, October). The responsiveness of local government in the Greater Tzaneen Local Municipality. [Master’s dissertation, Department of Public Administration and Management, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences].
5. Batacandolo, P. R. B., Casa, H. L. E., Villanueva, M. D., Anabo, F. D., Ada, J. K. A., & Balbino, M. A. A. (n.d.). Community awareness and compliance to the municipal ordinances in the first district of Capiz, Western Visayas, Philippines. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR). https://www.ijfmr.com/
6. Call, C. C., Eckstrand, K. L., Kasparek, S. W., Boness, C. L., Blatt, L., Jamal-Orozco, N., Novacek, D. M., & Foti, D. (2023, September). An ethics and social-justice approach to collecting and using demographic data for psychological researchers. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 18(5), 979–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221137350
7. Dayshape. (2025). What is resource allocation? Importance, benefits, & optimization. https://www.dayshape.com/blog/what-is-resource-allocation-importance-benefits-optimization
8. Diligent Community. (2024, July 25). The importance of effective and efficient local governments. https://www.diligentcommunity.com/
9. Duangdao, W., Sajjakaj, J., Thanapong, C., & Panuwat, W. (2024, March). Exploring accessibility and service quality perceptions on local public transportation in Thailand. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 15, 101144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101144
10. European Commission. (2017, January). Indicators to measure social protection performance: Implications for EC programming. https://annamccord.com/
11. Esther Schuriing & Markus Loewe (Eds.). (2021). Handbook on social protection systems. ISBN: 9781839109102
12. Eshiotse, E., Wilson, N. U., Bukie, B. F., Undelikwo, V. A., Abang, P. O., Odinka, G. E., Uyang, F. A., Ofem, N. O., Bisong, B. D., Jeremiah, A., & Okpa, J. T. (2023). Exploring factors affecting government delivery of social welfare services using a multi-method approach. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 7(2), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv7i2p3
13. Freeman, D. B. (2024, July 25). The importance of effective and efficient local governments. Diligent Community. https://www.diligentcommunity.com/
14. Hughes, D., Serewicz, M., & Serewicz, J. (2016). Demographic data in psychological research. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 9, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S103717
15. Khan, A. R. (2016). Policy implementation: Some aspects and issues. Journal of Community Positive Practices, 16(3), 3–12. https://www.jppc.ro/
16. Latha Thimmappa, Saran, A., D'Souza, S. R. B., & Binil, V. (2021, July 7). PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of social protection interventions in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1160
17. Lestarina Simamora, A. A. Pane, & Hasbiana Dalimunthe. (2024, January). How social welfare program, transparency and accountability of rural funding management enhancing the public welfare. Journal of Business Management and Economic Development, 2(01), 418–427. https://doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v2i01.560
18. Le, K. H., La, T. X. P., & Tykkyläinen, M. (2022, November 19). Service quality and accessibility of healthcare facilities: Digital healthcare potential in Ho Chi Minh City. BMC Health Services Research, 22, 1374. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08758-w
19. Ma, Y., Ma, B., Yu, L., et al. (2024). Perceived social fairness and trust in government serially mediate the effect of governance quality on subjective well-being. Scientific Reports, 14, 15905. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67124-4
20. Masud, A. (2025). Demographic analysis: Definition, importance, & methods. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382253528_ECONOMIC_ARCHIVE_Scientific_Journal_YEAR_LXXVII_ISSUE_2_-_2024_5_full-text_articles_in_English_94_pages_ISSN_0323-9004-Book_Edition_ISSN_2367-9301-Electronic_Edition_URL_httpsnsarhivuni-svishtovbg_DOI