Overuse injuries constitute a great diagnostic and therapeutic problem because the symptoms are often diffuse and uncharacteristic. An appropriate diagnosis followed by adequate treatment can improve or eliminate most of these conditions, but perhaps even more importantly a proper understanding of overuse syndromes should allow physicians to assist athletes, trainers, and coaches in preventing them As the name “overuse” implies, it is the repetitive use of a tissue or group of body structure to more than it can support and usually over a long time that results to pain or discomfort. Roos and Marshall (2014) goes further, by indicating that that the onset is gradual and that it is mostly due to repetitive microtrauma. This type of injury occurs in rugby since it’s a collision or contact sports that needs well build muscles. If overuse injury is left untreated or not properly treated, then it will become more serious and can render the victim unfit to continue with sport. It is said that “prevention is better than cure”, so our focus here will be to bring out the role of Sport Medicine in overuse injury prevention in Cameroon Rugby. Nonetheless, what is sport medicine? Many scholars have different definition but it boils down to the same direction. Thus, Sports Medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of injuries and other health issues related to sports, exercise and physical fitness. Sports medicine involves sports medicine specialists, physiotherapists, exercise physiologists, team doctors and trainers. So, sports medicine is somehow a teamwork to prevent and treat sports injuries and other sport related health issues. Although sports medicine involves all sports, exercise and other physical fitness activities, this study will focus on the importance of Sports Medicine in preventing of a type of trauma known as “overuse injury” in Rugby in Cameroon (as mentioned above). It should be noted that overused injury is hardly mention or treated as a special trauma with a different etiology. This shall be explained further. Rugby is becoming more popular in Cameroon and this timely research will help to enhance the relation between Rugby and sport medicine in order to prevent injury so as to keep performance high. Rugby is a team game played with an oval ball that may be kicked, carried, and passed from hand to hand. It is usually called a contact or collision sports. So we will be addressing the following questions; Is sports Medicine important in overuse Injury prevention in Cameroon in Rugby? Is the Etiology of overuse injury in Cameroon Rugby well known? In other to do this we shall review a lot of literature. That is, we shall be dealing with secondary data. This data is from creditable sources with validity assured.