Authors :
Arvind Shankar; Dr. J. Rengamani; Dr. Deepa Rajesh
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/ybkembnw
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/bdf2ptzf
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr2460
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Structural barriers that limit women's entry into seafaring are established in the literature. Less well
documented is what actually works when institutions and companies choose to act. This paper fills that gap by examining
two practitioner-led interventions implemented within the Indian maritime sector, each designed to address a distinct set
of conditions that keep women out of or push them out of sea-going careers.
The first intervention is the Women Cadet Programme, designed by the author in collaboration with AMET
University, Chennai. The programme operates through six pillars of change that address the conditions shaping women's
training experience at the institutional level, rather than focusing on the individual resilience of women cadets. The six
pillars cover infrastructural advancement, cultural enhancement, vigilant administration, enriching academic experience,
transparency on maritime education and careers, and constant care. The programme set an ambitious target of achieving
50 per cent women in cadet hiring cohorts by 2027. That target was reached two years ahead of schedule, in 2025.
The second intervention is the Gender Sensitisation Training Programme, developed in collaboration with AMET
University and funded by the Directorate General of Shipping and the Maritime Training Trust. This programme targets
the faculty and support staff attitudes and institutional culture that shape the daily experience of women cadets in
training. It is delivered in English and regional languages to ensure reach across different staff profiles and has been
shown to shift the informal climate of training environments in measurable ways.
Keywords :
Women Seafarers, Women Cadet Programme, Gender Sensitisation Training, Psychological Safety, Institutional Change, Pre-Sea Training, Indian Maritime, Workforce Diversity, ESG, Talent Pipeline.
References :
- Barahona-Fuentes, G., & Castells-Sanabra, M. (2025). Gender barriers and career intentions in maritime education: A comparative study. Maritime Policy and Management, 52(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2024.2301456
- DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
- Directorate General of Shipping. (2019). MS Notice No. 07 of 2019: Encouragement of enrolment of women cadets in maritime training institutes. Government of India.
- Directorate General of Shipping. (2023). DGS Order No. 01 of 2023: Guidelines on gender equity and safety mechanisms for women seafarers. Government of India.
- Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
- Emad, G., & Fei, J. (2023). Seafaring as a career choice: Motivations, barriers, and implications for workforce planning. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 22(2), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-023-00284-4
- International Maritime Organization, & WISTA International. (2024). Women in maritime survey 2024/2025: Global report on gender representation in shipping and ports. IMO.
- Karunatilleke, N., Kitada, M., & de Jong, L. (2024). Intersectionality and professional identity among women seafarers in the Asia-Pacific region. Gender, Work and Organization, 31(3), 1102–1121. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13017
- Kitada, M. (2021). Women seafarers: An analysis of barriers to their employment. In M. Kitada, E. Williams, & L. Froholdt (Eds.), Maritime women: Global leadership (pp. 45–63). Springer.
- Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways. (2023). Annual report 2022–23. Government of India.
- Narayanan, L., Emad, G., & Fei, J. (2023). Structural barriers to women's participation in Indian maritime careers: Policy, practice, and the training environment. Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 39(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2022.10.004
- Pike, K., Broadhurst, E., & Ogilvie, V. (2021). The gender pay gap and occupational segregation in maritime: A United Kingdom perspective. Maritime Policy and Management, 48(4), 560–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1783249
Structural barriers that limit women's entry into seafaring are established in the literature. Less well
documented is what actually works when institutions and companies choose to act. This paper fills that gap by examining
two practitioner-led interventions implemented within the Indian maritime sector, each designed to address a distinct set
of conditions that keep women out of or push them out of sea-going careers.
The first intervention is the Women Cadet Programme, designed by the author in collaboration with AMET
University, Chennai. The programme operates through six pillars of change that address the conditions shaping women's
training experience at the institutional level, rather than focusing on the individual resilience of women cadets. The six
pillars cover infrastructural advancement, cultural enhancement, vigilant administration, enriching academic experience,
transparency on maritime education and careers, and constant care. The programme set an ambitious target of achieving
50 per cent women in cadet hiring cohorts by 2027. That target was reached two years ahead of schedule, in 2025.
The second intervention is the Gender Sensitisation Training Programme, developed in collaboration with AMET
University and funded by the Directorate General of Shipping and the Maritime Training Trust. This programme targets
the faculty and support staff attitudes and institutional culture that shape the daily experience of women cadets in
training. It is delivered in English and regional languages to ensure reach across different staff profiles and has been
shown to shift the informal climate of training environments in measurable ways.
Keywords :
Women Seafarers, Women Cadet Programme, Gender Sensitisation Training, Psychological Safety, Institutional Change, Pre-Sea Training, Indian Maritime, Workforce Diversity, ESG, Talent Pipeline.