Authors :
Vegi Chaitanya Kiran
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 7 - July
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/4hy343rx
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/5f3xmpwk
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jul1307
Note : A published paper may take 4-5
working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and
ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Research is a systematic and scientific process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to answer
questions, solve problems, and generate new knowledge. It serves as a fundamental tool for academic inquiry,
policymaking, and evidence-based decision-making. The purpose of research may vary—from understanding basic
concepts to addressing practical issues—and therefore, research is classified into several types. Broadly, research can be
categorized as basic or applied, qualitative or quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory, and experimental or
non-experimental, each serving a unique objective within the research process. Along with identifying the type of research,
selecting an appropriate sampling technique is essential for ensuring the validity and reliability of findings. Sampling
techniques are generally divided into probability sampling (such as simple random, stratified, cluster, and systematic
sampling), which provides every unit in the population a known chance of selection, and non-probability sampling (such as
convenience, purposive, quota, and snowball sampling), which relies on researcher judgment or accessibility.
Understanding the principles of sampling helps in obtaining a representative subset of the population, reducing cost,
effort, and time while enhancing the accuracy of conclusions. Overall, a strong foundation in research concepts, types of
research, and sampling techniques ensures high-quality studies and credible outcomes.
Keywords :
Research, Investigation, Inquiry, Knowledge, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Hypothesis, Variables, Research Process, Scientific Method.
References :
- Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118162915
- Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques https://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter.aspx?id=9788122415223
- Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base https://conjointly.com/kb/
- Groves, R. M. et al. (2009). Survey Methodology https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470465462
- Singleton, R. A., & Straits, B. C. (2010). Approaches to Social Research https://global.oup.com/academic/product/approaches-to-social-research-9780195372984
- Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide https://www.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-methodology-3rd-edition/book235677
- Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/survey-research-methods/book243022
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-design/book255675
- Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/social-research-methods-qualitative-and-quantitative-approaches/P200000003295
- Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-research-evaluation-methods/book232962
- Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods https://global.oup.com/academic/product/social-research-methods-9780199689453
- Flick, U. (2018). An Introduction to Qualitative Research https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/an-introduction-to-qualitative-research/book242504
- Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/case-study-research-and-applications/book250150
- Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students https://www.pearson.com/en-gb/subject-catalog/p/research-methods-for-business-students/P200000003270
- Lohr, S. L. (2021). Sampling: Design and Analysis https://www.routledge.com/Sampling-Design-and-Analysis/Lohr/p/book/9780367275603
Research is a systematic and scientific process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to answer
questions, solve problems, and generate new knowledge. It serves as a fundamental tool for academic inquiry,
policymaking, and evidence-based decision-making. The purpose of research may vary—from understanding basic
concepts to addressing practical issues—and therefore, research is classified into several types. Broadly, research can be
categorized as basic or applied, qualitative or quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory, and experimental or
non-experimental, each serving a unique objective within the research process. Along with identifying the type of research,
selecting an appropriate sampling technique is essential for ensuring the validity and reliability of findings. Sampling
techniques are generally divided into probability sampling (such as simple random, stratified, cluster, and systematic
sampling), which provides every unit in the population a known chance of selection, and non-probability sampling (such as
convenience, purposive, quota, and snowball sampling), which relies on researcher judgment or accessibility.
Understanding the principles of sampling helps in obtaining a representative subset of the population, reducing cost,
effort, and time while enhancing the accuracy of conclusions. Overall, a strong foundation in research concepts, types of
research, and sampling techniques ensures high-quality studies and credible outcomes.
Keywords :
Research, Investigation, Inquiry, Knowledge, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Hypothesis, Variables, Research Process, Scientific Method.
