An aging society is a social reality Japan faced since the 1970s and caused by declining birth rates accompanied by the high growth of the elderly people in Japan. Japan’s government seeks to ensure social welfare of elderly people by providing social policy. Social policy in Japan has two main objectives: to address the problems of aging society and to encourage Japanese citizens to have families and children. This article described various social policies issued by Japan’s government as well as obstacles on implementation of those policies related to aging society, which was not only focused on providing facilities for the elderly people but also to raise the birth rate. Constraints in running each policy were largely due to the poor availability of facilities and service quality provided by the government.

Keywords : Government, Japan, Aging Society, Social Policy, Welfare.