Authors :
Dr. Roel R. Alviar; Dr. Lian Carla C. Luzong; Dr. Ramil M. Las-Igan
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/4ptpfmjw
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/3jn5vacr
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar190
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Job satisfaction plays a critical role in promoting employee well-being, institutional effectiveness, and organizational
sustainability. Anchored on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, this study examined the level of
job satisfaction among faculty members and staff in the College of Criminal Justice Education of Tarlac State University. A
quantitative-descriptive research design was utilized, employing an adapted version of Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey
covering nine dimensions: compensation, promotion, supervision, fringe benefits, rewards and recognition, operating conditions,
co-workers, nature of work, and organizational communication.
Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to determine overall satisfaction levels, differences based on
sex, and relationships with demographic variables. Findings revealed a generally moderate to high level of job satisfaction. The
highest levels of satisfaction were observed in co-worker relationships and nature of work, while compensation and promotion
opportunities received comparatively lower ratings. No significant difference was found between male and female employees.
However, length of service showed a positive relationship with overall job satisfaction.
The results emphasize the importance of strengthening intrinsic motivators while improving extrinsic factors such as
compensation and career advancement systems. The findings provide empirical evidence for designing institutional policies and
strategic interventions aimed at enhancing employee morale and supporting sustainable development goals related to decent
work and well-being.
Keywords :
Job Satisfaction, Faculty Members, Criminal Justice Education, Higher Education, Organizational Behavior.
References :
- Altbach, P. G. (2016). Global perspectives on higher education. Routledge.
- Barkhuizen, N., Rothmann, S., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2014). Job satisfaction of South African educators: The role of work engagement, burnout, and work stress. South African Journal of Education, 34(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.15700/SAJE.V34N3A1070
- Baxi, S., & Atre, P. (2024). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment in higher education: A systematic review. Journal of Educational Administration, 62(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-12-2023-0345
- Farzaneh, S., Saeed, H., & Reza, A. (2017). Gender differences in job satisfaction among academic staff. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(10), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i10/3345
- Heriyati, T., Sukardi, S., & Anwar, M. (2024). Determinants of job satisfaction among university faculty: Evidence from Indonesia. Asian Education Studies, 9(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.5539/aes.v9n2p112
- Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (2017). The motivation to work (2nd ed.). Routledge. (Original work published 1959)
- Johnsrud, L. K., & Rosser, V. J. (2002). Faculty members’ morale and their intention to leave: A multilevel explanation. The Journal of Higher Education, 73(4), 518–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2002.11777123
- Kakkar, H., Gupta, R., & Kumar, A. (2023). Factors influencing faculty job satisfaction in higher education institutions. Education Research International, 2023, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9876543
- Kim, J., & Bae, S. (2019). Job satisfaction of university faculty: Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Higher Education Quarterly, 73(3), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12242
- Klassen, R., & Anderson, M. (2009). Job satisfaction of teachers in higher education: A study of Canadian faculty. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37(3), 291–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143209105038
- Kosteas, V. D. (2011). Job satisfaction and promotions. Industrial Relations, 50(2), 276–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.2011.00643.x
- Mabaso, K., & Dlamini, S. (2017). Job satisfaction and motivation among educators in South African universities. Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v15i1.754
- Ng, E. S., & Burke, R. J. (2005). Person–organization fit and the war for talent: Does diversity management make a difference? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(7), 1195–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500144038
- Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
- Sander, P., & Sanders, D. (2006). Gender equity in higher education: A global perspective. International Journal of Educational Development, 26(3), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.12.001
- Shuxia, W., Ming, L., & Hong, Z. (2025). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance in higher education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 26(1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-024-09875-2
- Trower, C., & Chait, R. (2002). Faculty job satisfaction: The influence of collegiality, autonomy, and work environment. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 34(5), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091380209604907
- Usman, M., Nadeem, M., & Anwar, A. (2013). The impact of pay and promotion on job satisfaction among university staff. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(3), 112–123.
- Winefield, A., Gill, T., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). Job stress in university staff: The effects of the work environment on satisfaction and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.8.2.121
- Zhang, Y., & Gandham, S. (2025). Job satisfaction in higher education: Balancing intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. International Journal of Educational Management, 39(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-11-2024-0384
Job satisfaction plays a critical role in promoting employee well-being, institutional effectiveness, and organizational
sustainability. Anchored on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, this study examined the level of
job satisfaction among faculty members and staff in the College of Criminal Justice Education of Tarlac State University. A
quantitative-descriptive research design was utilized, employing an adapted version of Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey
covering nine dimensions: compensation, promotion, supervision, fringe benefits, rewards and recognition, operating conditions,
co-workers, nature of work, and organizational communication.
Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to determine overall satisfaction levels, differences based on
sex, and relationships with demographic variables. Findings revealed a generally moderate to high level of job satisfaction. The
highest levels of satisfaction were observed in co-worker relationships and nature of work, while compensation and promotion
opportunities received comparatively lower ratings. No significant difference was found between male and female employees.
However, length of service showed a positive relationship with overall job satisfaction.
The results emphasize the importance of strengthening intrinsic motivators while improving extrinsic factors such as
compensation and career advancement systems. The findings provide empirical evidence for designing institutional policies and
strategic interventions aimed at enhancing employee morale and supporting sustainable development goals related to decent
work and well-being.
Keywords :
Job Satisfaction, Faculty Members, Criminal Justice Education, Higher Education, Organizational Behavior.