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Machine Learning Diagnosis of Power Transformer Faults From Dissolved Gas Analysis: Application to a 120 kV Mining Substation


Authors : Moma Munga Ferdinand; Lumanji Mbunga Luc; Mavungu Mayela Alain; Tshikudi Tshikudi Dennis; Minda Mwilambwe Georges

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/m62b3xrm

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct417

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : This article applies the concepts of a companion paper to the design of a monitoring and diagnosis system for the power transformers of a 120 kV substation supplying a copper–cobalt operation. Because continuous dissolved gas records were not available on site, the models were developed on a public simulated data set of 4,000 samples described by four gases (H₂, CO, C₂H₂, C₂H₄) and four states: normal, partial discharge, thermal fault and arc discharge.

Keywords : Dissolved Gas Analysis, Power Transformer, Random Forest, Stacking, Fault Diagnosis, Predictive Maintenance, Mining Substation.

References :

  1. Acikgoz, N., Sazli, M. H., & Kosalay, I. (2025). A comprehensive review of transformer fault diagnosis studies based on dissolved gas analysis: Classical methods, historical development of the devices used, artificial intelligence based methods, accuracy of classifications of predictions. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 31(3), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.39824
  2. Adu-Gyamfi, K. (2026). Dissolved gas analysis-based power transformer fault diagnosis using random forest: A comparative evaluation against k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, and artificial neural network classifiers. engrXiv. https://doi.org/10.31224/8150
  3. Behjat, V., Emadifar, R., Pourhossein, M., Rao, U. M., Fofana, I., & Najjar, R. (2021). Improved monitoring and diagnosis of transformer solid insulation using pertinent chemical indicators. Energies, 14(13), Article 3977. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133977
  4. International Electrotechnical Commission. (2022). Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service – Guidance on the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis (IEC 60599:2022, 4th ed.).
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  9. Prasojo, R. A., Putra, M. A. A., Ekojono, Apriyani, M. E., Rahmanto, A. N., Ghoneim, S. S. M., Mahmoud, K., Lehtonen, M., & Darwish, M. M. F. (2023). Precise transformer fault diagnosis via random forest model enhanced by synthetic minority over-sampling technique. Electric Power Systems Research, 220, Article 109361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109361
  10. Rao, U. M., Fofana, I., Rajesh, K. N. V. P. S., & Picher, P. (2021). Identification and application of machine learning algorithms for transformer dissolved gas analysis. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 28(5), 1828–1835. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2021.009770
  11. Taha, I. B. M., Ibrahim, S., & Mansour, D.-E. A. (2021). Power transformer fault diagnosis based on DGA using a convolutional neural network with noise in measurements. IEEE Access, 9, 111162–111170. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3102415
  12. Wang, L., Littler, T., & Liu, X. (2021). Artificial intelligence model for transformer fault diagnosis using a constructed database. In The 16th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2020) (pp. 1474–1479). Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2020.0194
  13. Xu, G., Zhang, M., Chen, W., & Wang, Z. (2024). Transformer fault diagnosis utilizing feature extraction and ensemble learning model. Information, 15(9), Article 561. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090561
  14. Zhang, Y., Tang, Y., Liu, Y., & Liang, Z. (2022). Fault diagnosis of transformer using artificial intelligence: A review. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, Article 1006474. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1006474

This article applies the concepts of a companion paper to the design of a monitoring and diagnosis system for the power transformers of a 120 kV substation supplying a copper–cobalt operation. Because continuous dissolved gas records were not available on site, the models were developed on a public simulated data set of 4,000 samples described by four gases (H₂, CO, C₂H₂, C₂H₄) and four states: normal, partial discharge, thermal fault and arc discharge.

Keywords : Dissolved Gas Analysis, Power Transformer, Random Forest, Stacking, Fault Diagnosis, Predictive Maintenance, Mining Substation.

Paper Submission Last Date
30 - November - 2026

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