Authors : Angel Mae M. Role; Arlyn F. Fallete; Jay Lad; Queen Ann L. Elan; Rolleen E. Lamoste; Vina S. Vistal; Erap L. Ordaneza; Eutiquiano Umbao

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yx4xptzt

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4k9rka9h

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar1062

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This action research investigated the effectiveness of using Base-10 Blocks as an instructional intervention to enhance the basic multiplication skills of Grade 2 pupils. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's impact. Twenty-eight (28) learners participated in the study. Quantitative data were gathered through pretest and posttest assessments and analyzed using a paired samples t-test. Results indicated a statistically significant improvement in learners' performance following the intervention, t(27) = −11.55, p < .001. The mean pretest score of 4.036 (SD = 2.575) increased to 9.321 (SD = 0.983) in the posttest, demonstrating that the Base-10 Blocks manipulatives effectively strengthened pupils’ multiplication skills. Qualitative data, collected through student feedback and thematic analysis, supported the quantitative results. Three major themes emerged: enhanced understanding through visual and hands-on learning, increased engagement and enjoyment, and improved confidence and mathematical ability. Pupils expressed that the manipulatives made learning multiplication more concrete, enjoyable, and easier to understand. Suggestions for improvement included better organization of materials, enlarging visual aids, and incorporating a wider range of activities to maintain clarity and engagement. Overall, findings indicate that Base-10 Blocks are an effective instructional tool for developing foundational multiplication skills among young learners. The study further recommends refining instructional materials and expanding activity designs to optimize learning outcomes and improve classroom implementation.

Keywords : Base-10 Blocks, Multiplication Skills, Grade 2 Pupil, Action Research, Manipulatives, Mathematics Instruction, Action Research.

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