Authors : Aldijana Mahmutović Milićević; Lana Lekić; Hazim Nurkić; Ešref Harčinović; Izudin Zahirović

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 5 - May

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/zdmx2em8

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3fu8wnn3

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY1631

Abstract : Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes therapy includes non-medicinal and medicinal treatment. Metformin is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus when controlled diet and exercise are not sufficient to maintain normal blood glucose levels. After 6 months, more than one third of patients, and after one year about 50% of patients with chronic diseases stop the initial treatment. Adherence to oral antidiabetic therapy is in range of 65-85%. Non-adherence in therapy represents a large economic burden. The research was carried out on the territory of the Tuzla Canton, based on collected data on the consumption of antihyperglycemic drugs in 2022 and 2023. A comparison was made of the consumption of antihyperglycemic drugs in 2022 and 2023, in order to obtain the trend of the consumption of the mentioned drugs for the examined period. In addition to the above, a comparison of the consumption of metformin was made in relation to the consumption of other types of oral antihyperglycemic drugs for the years 2022 and 2023. The obtained data show that antihyperglycemic drugs are the most prescribed drugs from the list of drugs and that the largest part of expenditures includes this group of drugs. Metformin was the most prescribed oral antihyperglycemic drug in 2022 and 2023. The above results directly indicate how widespread the use of metformin is in the treatment of diabetes, and how much health care costs can be caused by irrational prescribing and non-adherence to metformin therapy.

Keywords : Metformin; Consumption; Adherence; Antihyperglycemis; Diabetes; Drugs.

References :

1. American Diabetes Association, "Diagnosis and Classiffication od Diabetes Mellitus", Diabetes Care, vol.33, pp. 62-9, 2010.
2. International Diabetes Federation, IDF Diabetes Atlas, 7th ed., 2015.
3. S.H. Naderi, J.P. Bestwick, and D.S. Wald, "Adherence to drugs that prevent cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis on 376,162 patients", Am J Med., vol. 125(9), pp. 882-887, 2012.
4. D.L. Sackett and J.C. Snow, "The magnitude of compliance and noncompliance", in Compliance in Health Care, R.B. Haynes, D.L. Sackett, D.W. Taylor, Eds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr, 1979 pp.11-22.
5. ABC Project, "Ascertaining Barriers for Compliance: policies for safe, effective and cost-effective use of medicines in Europe", Final report of the ABC Project, 2012. available at: http://abcproject.eu/img/ABC%20Final.pdf
6. J.M. Schectman, M.M. Nadkarni, and J.D. Voss, "The association between diabetes metabolic control and drug adherence in an indigent population", Diabetes Care, vol. 25, pp.1015–21, 2002.
7. J.A. Spoelstra, R.P. Stolk, E.R. Heerdink, O.H. Klungel, J.A. Erkens, H.G. Leufkens, et al., "Refill compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a predictor of switching to insulin therapy?", Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf., vol. 12, pp. 121–7, 2003.
8. P. Doro, R. Benko, E. Kosik, M. Matuz, K. Toth, and G. Soos, "Utilization of oral antihyperglycemic drugs over a 7-year period (1998-2004) in a Hungarian population and adherence to drug therapy", Eur J Clin Pharmacol., vol. 61(12), pp. 893-7, 2005.
9. A. Melander, P. Folino-Gallo, T. Walley, U. Schwabe, P.H. Groop, T. Klaukka, et al., "Utilisation of antihyperglycemic drugs in ten European countries: different developments and different levels", Diabetologia, vol. 49(9), pp. 2024-9, 2006.
10. L.R. Martin, S.L. Williams, K.B. Haskard, and M.R. Dimatteo, 2005, "The challenge of patient adherence", Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, vol. 1(3), pp. 189-99, 2005. PMID: 18360559.
11. R.M. Benjamin, "Medication adherence: helping patients take their medicines as directed", Public Health Reports, vol. 127(1), pp. 2-3, 2012. DOI: 10.1177/003335491212700102.
12. S.T. Zaidi and Z.U. Babar, "Pharmacy Practice Research Methods. Applying pharmacoeconomics in community and hospital pharmacy", Springer International Publisching, pp. 157-73, 2015.
13. World Health Organization, "Adherence to Long-Term Therapies: Evidence for Action", Geneva, Switzerland, 2003. available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42682/9241545992.pdf?sequence=1. Datum pristupa: 5.listopada 2018.
14. J. Čulig, M. Leppée, N. Skaron, M. Malovic, and M. Bilusic, "Patients’ adherence to medication rate and pharmacoeconomic analysis", Pharmaca, vol. 50(Supl.1), pp. 48, 2012.