Authors : Priyanka B. Biradar; Vijendra A. Chaudhari

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 8 - August

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/pywjr85k

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/mt48mpma

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26aug363

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Abstract : The effect of Fe incorporation on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of pure Mn₃O₄ and 5 mol% Fe-doped Mn₃O₄ is investigated. Thin films deposited on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis technique have been studied. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase tetragonal hausmannite Mn₃O₄ structure (JCPDS card No. 24-0734) for both films without any secondary phases that could be detected. Fe doping reduced the average crystallite size from 22.14 to 20.04 nm with an increase in microstrain and dislocation density. The decrease in lattice parameters and unit-cell volume further confirms the incorporation of Fe, leading to modification of the crystal lattice, while the phase composition is still retained. FESEM analysis indicated that the doped film had a better surface morphology and a denser distribution of finer grains than the undoped film. Optical measurements revealed a decreased band gap from 2.61 eV for pure Mn₃O₄ to 2.38 eV after Fe doping, indicating a change in the electronic structure of the material. The change in structure, morphology, and optical properties together suggests that Fe doping is an effective way to tune the properties of Mn₃O₄ thin films. These results pave the way for further investigations of the Fe-doped Mn₃O₄ facility. for applications where surface and electronic properties are critical.

Keywords : Mn₃O₄, Fe-Doped Manganese Oxide, Spray Pyrolysis, Crystal Structure, Surface Morphology, Optical Properties.

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