Authors : Martins Agogo; Uduak Okon; Titilope Olatunbosun; Ezekiel Ben; Martina Agabi

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/5fsaavdj

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/393s3wja

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2092

Abstract : Heavy metals such as Lead (Pb) in the environment could pose serious reproductive health issues resulting in infertility. Jatropha tanjorensis (JT) from previous studies has been proven to enhance reproductive parameters. This study examined the effects of Jatropha tanjorensis alongside vitamin E on some reproductive parameters in male rats. 40 rats male rats were assigned into 8 groups (n=5): Control, Lead treated group, low dose JT, high dose JT, Vitamin E control, lead + low dose JT, lead + high dose JT, lead + vitamin E groups. Administration was done for 14 days. Mean testosterone level was seen to significantly increase (p<0.05) in all treated groups and vitamin E group in combination with lead when compared to normal control group and Pb control. FSH levels was seen to increase significantly (p<0.05) in all JT treated groups and vitamin E treated group when compared to Pb control but no significant difference was observed when all treated groups was compared to normal control. Also from the study, LH level increased significantly (p<0.05) in high dose JT when compared with every other treated groups. JT and vitamin E administration was able to reduce the negative effect exerted by lead on the various reproductive parameters analyzed.

Keywords : Jatropha tanjorensis, Lead, Vitamin E, Hormones, Oxidative Stress, Testes, Wistar Rats.

References :

1. F. Zegers-Hochschild, G.D. Adamson, J. de Mouzon, et al. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology. Fertil Steril;92:1520-4. 2009.
2. M.E. Thoma, A.C. McLain, J.F. Louis, et al. Prevalence of infertility in the United States as estimated by the current duration approach and a traditional constructed approach. Fertil Steril; 99:1324-31.e1. 2013.
3. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril;103:e18-25. 2015.
4. T. Sanders, Y. Lui, V. Buchner, P.B. Tchounwou. Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review. Rev Environ Health. 24(1):15-45. 2009.
5. H.S. D’souza, S.A. Dsousa, G. Menezes and T. Venkatesh. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of lead poisoning in general population. Indian J Clin Biochem. 26(2):197-201. 2011.
6. M. Piasek and K. Kostial. Effect of exposure to lead on reproduction in male rats. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 39 (3), 448-452. 1987.
7. F. Barbosa, J. E. Tanus-Santos, R. F. Gerlach, and P. J. Parsons. A critical review of biomarkers used for monitoring human exposure to lead: Advantages, limitations, and future needs. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(12), 1669–1674. doi:10.1289/ehp.7917. 2005.
8. S.k. Karri, et al. Lead encephalopathy due to traditional medicines. Current drug safety, 3 (1), 54-59. 2008.
9. K.R Mahaffey. Biokinetics of lead during pregnancy. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 16 (1): 15-6. PMID:2019340. 1991.
10. S.C. Sikka, and R. Wang. Endocrine disruptors and estrogenic effects on male reproductiveaxis, Asian J. Androl. (10) 134–145. 2008.
11. R. Kutlubay, E. O. Oguz, B. Can, M. C. Guven, Z. Sinik, and O.L. Tuncay. Vitamin E protection from testicular damage caused by intraperitoneal aluminium. International journal of Toxicology, 26(4), 297-306. 2007.
12. M. M. Helmy, and A. M. Senbel. Evaluation of vitamin E in the treatmentof erectile dysfunction in aged rats. Life Science, 90, 489–494.https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2011.12.019. 2012.
13. G.W. Burton and K.U. Ingold. Autooxidation of biological molecules. 1. Theantioxidant activity of vitamin E and related chain-breaking phenolic antioxidants in vitro. J Am Chem Soc; 103:6472±6477. 1981.
14. G.A. Pascoe, K. Olafsdottir, D.J. Reed. Vitamin E protection against chemicalinduced cell injury, maintenance of cellular protein thiols as a cytoprotectivemechanism. Arch BiochemBiophys 56:150±158. 1987.
15. E. Niki, A. Kawakami, M. Saito, Y. Yamamoto, J. Tsuchiya, Y. Kamiya. Effect of phytyl side chain of vitamin E on its anti-oxidant activity. J Biol Chem. 260:2191±2196. 1985.
16. A. Contantinescu, J.J. Maguire, L. Packer. Interactions between ubiquinones and vitamins in membranes and cells. Mol Aspects Med 15:57±65. 1994.
17. H. Esterbauer, M. Dieber-Rotheneder, G. Striegl, G. Waeg. Role of vitamin E inpreventing the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Am J Clin Nutr 53:314S±321S. 1991.
18. V.E. Kagan, E.A Serbinova, R.A Balakov, et al. Mechanisms of stabilization ofbiomembranes by alpha-tocopherol. The role of the hydrocarbon chain in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Biochem Pharmacol 40:2403±2413. 1990.
19. M. Borget. Spice Plants, the Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA). 1st Edn., The Macmillan Press Ltd., Macmillan. 1993.
20. R.I. Ozolua, G.E. Eriyamremu, E.O. Okene, U. Ochei. Hpoglycaemic effects of viscous preparation of irvingiagabonensis (Dikanut) seeds in streptozotocin induced wistar rats. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants; 12: 1-9. 2006.
21. T. Oduola, F.A.A. Adeniyi, E.O. Ogunyemi, I.S. Bello, T.O. Idowu, H.G. Subair, et al. Toxicity studies on an Unripe Carica papaya aqueous extract: Biochemical and haematological effects in Wistar Albino rats. J Med Plants Res. 1(1): 1-4. 2007.
22. O.J. Ogoruvwe and O. Kori-Siakpere. Alterations in the activities of the nitrogenous waste of Clarias Gariepinus after Intramuscular injection with aqueous extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves. J Pharma Biol Sci. 2(1): 35-38. 2012.
23. E.O. Iwalewa, C.O. Adewumi, N.O. Omisore, A.O. Adebanji, C.K. Azike, A.O. Adigun, et al. Pro- and antioxidant effects and cytoprotective potentials of nine edible vegetables in southwest Nigeria. J Med Food. 8(4): 539-44. 2005.
24. E.S. Omoregie and A.U. Osagie. Antioxidant properties of  Methanolic extracts of some Nigerian plants on nutritionally-stressed rats. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science.20(1): 7-20. 2012.
25. A. Falodun, A.A. Udu-Cosi, O. Erharuyi, V. Imieje, J.E. Falodun, O. Agbonlahor, et al. Jatropha Tanjorensis – Review of Photochemistry,Pharmacology Pharmacotherapy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences; 10(3): 1964-69. 2013.
26. G. Olayiwola, E.O. Iwalewa, O.R. Omobuwajo, A.A. Adeniyi, E.J. Verspohi. The antidiabetic potential of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves. Nig J Nat Prod Med.8:55–8. 2004.
27. I.A. Edagha, E.I. Bassey, A.N. Aquaisua, A.F. Archibong. Testicular microstructure and hormonal profilae following HAART administration: The role of Jatropha tanjorensis. J basic Clin Reprod Sci; 8(2): 138. 2019.
28. N. AitHamadouche, N. Sadi, O. Kharoubi, M. Slimani, A. Aoues. The Protective effect of vitamin E against genotoxicity of lead acetate intraperitoneal administration in male rat, Not. Sci. Biol. (5) 412–419. 2013.
29. A. L. Udefa, F. N. Beshel, J. N. Nwangwa, I. D. Mkpe, O. S. Ofuru, V. G. Sam‐Ekpe, and G. I. Stephen. Vitamin E administration does not ameliorate tramadol‐associated impairment of testicular function in wistar rats. Andrologia, 52(1). doi:10.1111/and.13454. 2019.
30. S.C. Sikka and R. Wang. Endocrine disruptors and estrogenic effects on male reproductiveaxis, Asian J. Androl. (10) 134–145. 2008.
31. P.C. Hsu,  M.Y. Liu, C.C. Hsu, L.Y. Chen, Y. L. Guo. Lead exposure causes generationof reactive oxygen species and functional impairment in rat sperm,Toxicology (122) 133–143. 1997.
32. A. Thoreux-Manlay, C. Le Goascogne, D. Segretain, B. Jegou, G. Pinon-Lataillade. Lead affects steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells in vivo and in vitro, Toxicology (103) 53–62. 1995.
33. F. Anwar. “A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Journal of food Science and nutrition; 21:17-25. 2007.
34. D. K. Sahoo, A. Roy, and G. B. Chainy. Protective effects of vitaminE and curcumin on L-thyroxine-induced rat testicular oxidativestress. Chemico‐Biological Interactions, 176, 121–128. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.07.009. 2008.
35. T. Jalili, A. Khaki, Z. Ghanbari, A. M. Imani, and  F. Hatefi. A study of the therapeutic effects of vitamin E on testicular tissue damage caused by fluoxetine. Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 1, 37–41. 2014.
36. H. R. Momeni, M. S. Mehranjani, M. H. Abnosi, and M. Mahmoodi. Effects of vitamin E on sperm parameters and reproductive hormones in developing rats treated with para‐nonylphenol. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 7, 111–116. 2009.
37. U. R. Acharya, M. Mishra, J. Patro, and M. K. Panda. Effect of vitamins C and E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to cadmium. Reproductive Toxicology, 25, 84–88. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.repro tox.2007.10.004. 2008.
38. M. Yoshida, T. Kitani, A. Takenaka, K. Kudoh, and S. I. Katsuda. Lack of effects of oxonolic acid on spermatogenesis in young and aged male wistar rats. Food Chemical Toxicology, 40, 1815–1825. 2002.
39. I. W. Osuchukwu, C. L. Sakpa, J. Ekezie, C. U. Okeke, C. C. Eke, and D. N. Ezejindu. Effect Of Leave Extract Of Jatropha Tanjorensis On The Testis Of Wistar Rats. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 15(4), 66-71. 2016.
40. J. O. Oladele, O. T. Oladele, O. I. Oyewole. Chaya (Jatroha tanjorensis) leafs protect against sodium benzoate mediated renal dysfunction and heatic damage in rats. Clinical Phytoscience: 6:13. 2020.
41. M. Melcova, J. Svakova, P. Mlejnek, V. Zidek, A. Fucikova, L. Praus, J. Zidkova, O. Mestek, A. Kana, K.. Mikulik, P. Tlustos. The effect of zinc and/or vitamin E supplementation on biochemical parameters of selenium-overdosed rats. Polish Journal of Veterinary science.Vol. 21, No.4. 731-740. 2018.
42. N. Hidayatik, A. Purnomo, F. Fikri, M.T.E. Purnama. Amelioration of oxidative stress, testosterone, and cortisol levels after administration of vitamin C and E in albino rats with chronic variable stress. Vet World. 14(1): 137-143. 2021.
43. W.F. Boron and E.L. Boulpaep. Medical physiology: a cellular and molecular approach. 2nd revised Edition: Elsevier Saunders. p. 112. 2012.
44. J. Akighir, B. Inalegwu, J. Anyam, E.Y. Ojochenemi, I.R. Odama. Effects of Selected Secondary Metabolites in Leaf Extract of Jatropha Tanjorensis on Some Gonadal Hormones in Male Wistar Rats. Journal of biotechnology and biomedical science. Vol-2 Issue 3 Pg. no.– 31. 2020.
45. A.C. Guyton and Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology, tenth ed., WB Saunders, New York. 2000.
46. H.P. Veit, R.J. Kendall, P.F. Scanlon. The effect of lead shot ingestion on the testis of adult ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria), Avian Dis. (27)  442–452. 1983.
47. Z.I. Ma, T. Hung, T.H. Nguyen, H. T. Hoa, D.P. Tien, H. Huynh. Reduction of rat prostate weight by combined quercetin-finasteride treatment is associated with cell cycle deregulation, J. Endocrinol. (181) 493–507. 2004.
48. T. Afsar, S. Razak, D. Aldisi, M. Shabbir, A. Almajwal, A. A. Al Kheraif, and M. Arshad. Acacia hydaspica R. Parker ethyl-acetate extract abrogates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by targeting ROS and inflammatory cytokines. Scientific Reports, 11(1). 2021. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96509-y.