Authors : Nafla Iqbal

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 1 - January

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3urzywtj

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3ta7m693

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14724997

Abstract : Information security has become a critical aspect of modern life. One viable approach to ensuring secure and legitimate transactions is by embedding data into multimedia content, such as through watermarking. This paper introduces a novel watermarking scheme for color images, along with its corresponding detector. Although numerous methods for watermark detection exist, the integration of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) has significantly improved the accuracy of watermark extraction from color images. Unlike many existing systems that overlook inter-channel dependencies, this work emphasizes the role of inter- channel dependencies between RGB channels. Additionally, it leverages inter-scale dependencies of sparse coefficients for color images using HMMs, offering a more robust and accurate watermarking solution.

Keywords : Information Security, Watermarking, Hidden Markov Model, Inter-Channel Dependencies.

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