Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic immune deficiency in adults. It is defined by primary hypogammaglobulinemia with B-cells (CD19) present. It is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized clinically by recurrent bacterial infections (an almost constant feature), the frequency of autoimmune and/or granulomatous manifestations, and the presence of a lymphoproliferative syndrome (follicular hyperplasia, lymph nodes…). The seriousness of infections and their repetition should suggest the diagnosis, which will be confirmed by electrophoresis of the proteins and immunoglobulin tests. The treatment is based on regular substitution of polyvalent immunoglobulins, using intravenous or subcutaneous injection. The disease pathophysiology is poorly understood, but the immunological study of lymphocyte subpopulations, particularly B lymphocytes, and the recent description of certain genetic defects have improved our understanding. This study aims to cite the latest clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with CVID, as well as the genetic and physiopathogenic advances concerning this immune deficiency. In order to propose a new criteria to explore this pathology conducted to rule out other possible causes of hypogammaglobulinemia and differentials. Diagnoses using these criteria will enable patients with CVID to receive the best possible care.

Keywords : CVID, Immunodeficiency, Hypogammaglobulinemia, B Cell