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Operational Efficiency and Headway Optimization of Commuter Paratransit Routes: A Case Study of the Kota-Isimu Corridor


Authors : Mohammad Yusuf Tuloli; Anton Kaharu

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 7 - July


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/bdhztj5v

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yddaemke

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jul338

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : The Kota–Isimu corridor serves as the high-density commuter spine of Gorontalo Province, capturing the largest public transport market share. However, individualistic paratransit operations (AKDP) along this route suffer from severe operational inefficiencies due to uncoordinated dispatching and destructive competition. This study evaluates the microoperational performance of the Kota–Isimu corridor and proposes a regulated headway optimization model. Empirical field data were collected through synchronized passenger on-board counts and static roadside screenline surveys.

Keywords : Commuter Paratransit; Headway Optimization; Load Factor; Operational Efficiency; Kota–Isimu Corridor.

References :

  1. Cervero, R. (2000). Informal transport in the developing world. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).
  2. Windasari, P., Kaharu, A. & Kadir, Y. (2024). Analysis of Operational Performance of Leading Provincial City Transport Routes (AKDP) in Gorontalo Province. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 9(6), pp. 875–881. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24jun1493
  3. Saraswati, B., & Shashi, S. (2021). Deconstructing paratransit imbalances: Headway volatility and load factor dynamics in secondary emerging cities. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(3), 1120-1132.
  4. Venter, C. (2013). The micro-dynamics of paratransit operations and competition
  5. Fathan, M. S., Kaharu, A. & Tuloli, M. Y. (2024). Analysis of the Performance of the City Transport Route Network System (AKDP) in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 9(10), pp. 1921–1931. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24OCT1958

The Kota–Isimu corridor serves as the high-density commuter spine of Gorontalo Province, capturing the largest public transport market share. However, individualistic paratransit operations (AKDP) along this route suffer from severe operational inefficiencies due to uncoordinated dispatching and destructive competition. This study evaluates the microoperational performance of the Kota–Isimu corridor and proposes a regulated headway optimization model. Empirical field data were collected through synchronized passenger on-board counts and static roadside screenline surveys.

Keywords : Commuter Paratransit; Headway Optimization; Load Factor; Operational Efficiency; Kota–Isimu Corridor.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - July - 2026

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