Authors :
Dr. Minu Kumari; Dr. Deepika Saini; Dr. Bikram Raina
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/yx4dmtxs
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/4bf7277j
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun766
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Parathyroid adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the parathyroid gland and is the most common cause of primary
hyperparathyroidism, accounting for approximately 80–85% of cases. Hypercalcemia and disturbances with bone and
mineral metabolism are caused by excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Patients may present with a wide range
of manifestations, including skeletal pain, pathological fractures, nephrolithiasis, gastrointestinal symptoms,
neuropsychiatric disturbances. Alternatively, they may be asymptomatic and receive a diagnosis by biochemical testing.
Serum calcium and PTH measurements are used to make the diagnosis, which is then confirmed by imaging techniques
including ultrasonography and sestamibi scintigraphy for lesion localization. The effective treatment is still surgical excision
of the adenoma, which is linked to a good prognosis and the return of biochemical markers to normal.
Keywords :
Parathyroid Adenoma, Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemia, Parathyroid Hormone, Brown Tumor, Parathyroidectomy.
References :
- Piciucchi S, Barone D, Gavelli G, et al. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Imaging to Pathology. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2012;2:59.
- Bilezikian JP, Cusano NE, Khan AA, Liu JM, Marcocci C, Bandeira F. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16033.
- Walker MD, Silverberg SJ. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):115–125.
- Islam AK. Advances in the diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2021;12:20406223211015965.
- Khan AA, Hanley DA, Rizzoli R, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism: Review and recommendations on evaluation, diagnosis and management. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28:1–19.
- Aulakh A, et al. Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Primary Parathyroid Pathologies: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(14):2593.
- Preoperative Imaging in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Literature Review and Recommendations. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2017;68(1):47–55.
- DeLellis RA. Pathology of the Parathyroid Glands in Hyperparathyroidism. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2013;30(3):165–177.
- Masi G, et al. Sporadic Parathyroid Adenoma: An Updated Review of Molecular Genetics. Front Endocrinol. 2023;14:1180211.
- Mandl F. Therapeutic attempts in osteitis fibrosa generalisata. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1926.
- Chazen JL. Parathyroid Adenoma Imaging: Practice Essentials, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Medscape. 2021
Parathyroid adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the parathyroid gland and is the most common cause of primary
hyperparathyroidism, accounting for approximately 80–85% of cases. Hypercalcemia and disturbances with bone and
mineral metabolism are caused by excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Patients may present with a wide range
of manifestations, including skeletal pain, pathological fractures, nephrolithiasis, gastrointestinal symptoms,
neuropsychiatric disturbances. Alternatively, they may be asymptomatic and receive a diagnosis by biochemical testing.
Serum calcium and PTH measurements are used to make the diagnosis, which is then confirmed by imaging techniques
including ultrasonography and sestamibi scintigraphy for lesion localization. The effective treatment is still surgical excision
of the adenoma, which is linked to a good prognosis and the return of biochemical markers to normal.
Keywords :
Parathyroid Adenoma, Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemia, Parathyroid Hormone, Brown Tumor, Parathyroidectomy.
