Authors : Dr. Seçil Taştan

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3jtprfbr

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4n8b6s5n

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun1345

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This study investigates the influence of participative decision-making on employees’ creative performance behaviors and examines the moderating role of self-leadership. The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in organizational behavior theories, particularly Behavioral Self-Management Theory. The sample consisted of employees working in various private-sector organizations in Türkiye. A total of 394 questionnaires were collected through a structured survey, and structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS was employed to test the proposed research model. The findings revealed that participative decision-making positively and significantly contributes to employees’ creative performance behaviors. Furthermore, self-leadership was found to significantly moderate the relationship between participative decision-making and creative performance behaviors. Specifically, the positive effect of participative decisionmaking on creative performance behaviors was stronger among employees with higher levels of self-leadership. These findings suggest that employees perceive participation in decision-making as an important mechanism for enhancing their creative effectiveness, while self-leadership further strengthens this positive influence. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting the joint importance of participative managerial practices and individual self-regulatory capabilities in fostering workplace creativity. Based on primary data collected from Turkish employees, the study is among the pioneering studies examining the moderating role of self-leadership in the relationship between participative decision-making and creative performance behaviors.

Keywords : Employee Participation, Participative Decision-Making, Self-Leadership, Creative Performance Behaviors, Behavioral Self-Management Theory.

References :

1. Abid, G., Arya, B., Arshad, A., Ahmed, S., & Farooqi, S. (2021). Positive personality traits and self-leadership in sustainable organizations: Mediating influence of thriving and moderating role of proactive personality. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 299-311.
2. Akers, R. L. (1991). Self-control as a general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 7(2), 201-211.
3. Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity, 87. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
4. Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 123-167.
5. Amara, D. B., & Chen, H. (2020). The impact of participative decision-making on eco-innovation capability: the mediating role of motivational eco-innovation factors. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(5), 6966-6986.
6. Andressen, P., & Konradt, U. (2007). Measuring self-leadership: Psychometric test of the German version of the Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire. Journal of Personal Psychology,6(3), 117-128.
7. Asurakkody, T. A., & Kim, S. H. (2020). Effects of knowledge sharing behavior on innovative work behavior among nursing Students: Mediating role of Self-leadership. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100-119.
8. Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J., & Bass, B. M. (1991). Identifying common methods variance with data collected from a single source: An unresolved sticky issue. Journal of Management, 17(3), 571-587.
9. Bailey, S. F., Barber, L. K., & Justice, L. M. (2018). Is self-leadership just self-regulation? Exploring construct validity with HEXACO and self-regulatory traits. Current Psychology, 37(1), 149-161.
10. Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 359-373.Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191.
11. Bandura, A. (1982). The assessment and predictive generality of self-percepts of efficacy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 13(3), 195-199.
12. Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248-287.
13. Bass, B. M., & Shackleton, V. J. (1979). Industrial democracy and participative management: A case for a synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 4(3), 393-404.
14. Bennet, A., & Bennet, D. (2004). Organizational survival in the new world. U.K.; Routledge.
15. Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1997). Participative decision-making: An integration of multiple dimensions. Human Relations, 50(7), 859-878.
16. Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior in school: how does it relate to participation in decision making?. Journal of Educational Administration, 43(5), 420-438.
17. Bouwmans, M., Runhaar, P., Wesselink, R., & Mulder, M. (2017). Fostering teachers' team learning: An interplay between transformational leadership and participative decision-making?. Teaching and Teacher Education, 65, 71-80.
18. Carbonell, P., & Rodriguez-Escudero, A. I. (2013). Management control, role expectations and job satisfaction of new product development teams: The moderating effect of participative decision-making. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(2), 248-259.
19. Carmeli, A., Gelbard, R., & Reiter‐Palmon, R. (2013). Leadership, creative problem‐solving capacity, and creative performance: The importance of knowledge sharing. Human Resource Management, 52(1), 95-121.
20. Carver, C. S., & Scheler, M. F. (1983). A control-theory approach to human behavior, and implications for problems in self-management. New York: Academic Press.
21. Chandler, G. N., Keller, C., & Lyon, D. W. (2000). Unraveling the determinants and consequences of an innovation-supportive organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(1), 59-76.
22. Chiang, Y. H., & Hung, K. P. (2014). Team control mode, workers' creativity, and new product innovativeness. R&D Management, 44(2), 124-136.
23. Collins, C. J., & Smith, K. G. (2006). Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), 544-560.
24. Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.
25. Connor, P. E. (1992). Decision-making participation patterns: The role of organizational context. Academy of Management Journal, 35(1), 218-232.
26. Corazza, G. E., & Glăveanu, V. P. (2020). Potential in creativity: individual, social, material perspectives, and a dynamic integrative framework. Creativity Research Journal, 32(1), 81-91.
27. Cotton, J. L. (1993). Employee involvement: Methods for improving performance and work attitudes. U.K.:Sage Publications, Inc.
28. Cotton, J. L., Vollrath, D. A., Froggatt, K. L., Lengnick-Hall, M. L., & Jennings, K. R. (1988). Employee participation: Diverse forms and different outcomes. Academy of Management Review, 13(1), 8-22.
29. De Stobbeleir, K. E., Ashford, S. J., & Buyens, D. (2011). Self-regulation of creativity at work: The role of feedback-seeking behavior in creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54(4), 811-831.
30. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134.
31. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Intrinsic motivation. The corsini encyclopedia of psychology, 1-2.
32. Foss, L., Woll, K., & Moilanen, M. (2013). Creativity and implementations of new ideas: Do organisational structure, work environment and gender matter?. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 298-322.
33. Ghosh, K. (2015). Developing organizational creativity and innovation: toward a model of self-leadership, employee creativity, creativity climate and workplace innovative orientation. Management Research Review, 38(11), 1126-1148.
34. Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.
35. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. U.S.A.: Uppersaddle River.
36. Hauschildt, K., & Konradt, U. (2012). Self‐leadership and team members' work role performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(5), 497-517.
37. Hill-Briggs, F. (2003). Problem solving in diabetes self-management: a model of chronic illness self-management behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 25(3), 182-193.
38. Hinton, B. L. (1970). Personality variables and creative potential. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 4(3), 210-217.
39. Horng, J. S., Tsai, C. Y., Yang, T. C., & Liu, C. H. (2016). Exploring the relationship between proactive personality, work environment and employee creativity among tourism and hospitality employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 54, 25-34.
40. Houghton, J. D., & Jinkerson, D. L. (2007). Constructive thought strategies and job satisfaction: A preliminary examination. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22(1), 45-53.
41. Houghton, J. D., & Neck, C. P. (2002). The revised self‐leadership questionnaire: Testing a hierarchical factor structure for self‐leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(8), 672-691.
42. Houghton, J. D., & Yoho, S. K. (2005). Toward a contingency model of leadership and psychological empowerment: when should self-leadership be encouraged?. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(4), 65-83.
43. Irawanto, D. W. (2015). Employee participation in decision-making: Evidence from a state-owned enterprise in Indonesia. Management-Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 20(1), 159-172.
44. Kim, T. Y., Hon, A. H., & Lee, D. R. (2010). Proactive personality and employee creativity: The effects of job creativity requirement and supervisor support for creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 22(1), 37-45.
45. Kline, R. B. (1998). Software review: Software programs for structural equation modeling: Amos, EQS, and LISREL. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 16(4), 343-364.
46. Knoop, R. (1991). Achievement of work values and participative decision-making. Psychological Reports, 68(3), 775-781.
47. Konradt, U., Andreßen, P., & Ellwart, T. (2009). Self-leadership in organizational teams: A multilevel analysis of moderators and mediators. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(3), 322-346.
48. Kundu, S. C., & Lata, K. (2017). Effects of supportive work environment on employee retention:  Mediating role of organizational engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(4), 703-722.
49. Kwon, B., Farndale, E., & Park, J. G. (2016). Employee voice and work engagement: Macro, meso, and micro-level drivers of convergence?. Human Resource Management Review, 26(4), 327-337.
50. Lammers, C.J., & Szell, G. (1989) International handbook of participation in organizations. U.K.:  Oxford University Press.
51. Latham, G. P., Winters, D. C., & Locke, E. A. (1994). Cognitive and motivational effects of participation: A mediator study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(1), 49-63.
52. Lee, C. S., Lee, W., & Kim, J. (2007). Effects of transformational leadership and self-leadership on innovative behaviors: Mediating roles of empowerment. International Area Review, 10(2), 163-176.
53. Locke, E. A., & Schweiger, D. M. (1979). Participation in decision-making: One more look. Research in Organizational Behavior, 1(10), 265-39.
54. Manz, C. C., & Sims Jr, H. P. (1980). Self-management as a substitute for leadership: A social learning theory perspective. Academy of Management Review, 5(3), 361-367.
55. Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2001). The new superleadership: Leading others to lead themselves. Germany: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
56. Manz, C. C. (1986). Self-leadership: Toward an expanded theory of self-influence processes in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 585-600.
57. Neck, C. P., Nouri, H., & Godwin, J. L. (2003). How self-leadership affects the goal-setting process. Human Resource Management Review, 13(4), 691-707.
58. Neck, C. P., Houghton, J. D., & Manz, C. C. (2024). Self-leadership: The definitive guide to personal excellence (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
59. Niehoff, B. P., Enz, C. A., & Grover, R. A. (1990). The impact of top-management actions on employee attitudes and perceptions. Group & Organization Studies, 15(3), 337-352.
60. Norris, P. (2008). Driving democracy. Do Power-Sharing Institutions Work?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 29-50.
61. Odoardi, C., Montani, F., Boudrias, J. S., & Battistelli, A. (2015). Linking managerial practices and leadership style to innovative work behavior:  The role of group and psychological processes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 7(4), 1-24.
62. Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607-634.
63. Pan, W., Sun, L. Y., & Lam, L. W. (2020). Employee–organization exchange and employee creativity: a motivational perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(3), 385-407.
64. Sagie, A. (1994). Participative decision making and performance: A moderator analysis. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 30(2), 227–246.
65. Siegel, A. L., & Ruh, R. A. (1973). Job involvement, participation in decision making, personal background and job behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9(2), 318-327.
66. Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2013). Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation. Journal of Management, 39(3), 684-708.
67. Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2013). Organizational citizenship behavior and employee's strain: Examining the buffering effects of leader support and participation in decision-making. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 138-149.
68. Song, J., Wu, J., & Gu, J. (2017). Voice behavior and creative performance moderated by stressors. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 32(2), 177-192.
69. Sosik, J. J., & Dinger, S. L. (2007). Relationships between leadership style and vision content: The moderating role of need for social approval, self-monitoring, and need for social power. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(2), 134-153.
70. Steinbauer, R., Renn, R. W., Chen, H. S., & Rhew, N. (2018). Workplace ostracism, self-regulation, and job performance: Moderating role of intrinsic work motivation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(6), 767-783.
71. Stashevsky, S., Burke, R., Carmeli, A., Meitar, R., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Self‐leadership skills and innovative behavior at work. International Journal of Manpower, 27(1), 75-90.
72. Stewart, G. L., & Barrick, M. R. (2000). Team structure and performance: Assessing the mediating role of intrateam process and the moderating role of task type. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 135-148.
73. Strauss, G. (2006). Worker participation—some under‐considered issues. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 45(4), 778-803.
74. Sukirno, D. S., & Siengthai, S. (2011). Does participative decision making affect lecturer performance in higher education?. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(5), 494-508.
75. Sun, L. Y., Zhang, Z., Qi, J., & Chen, Z. X. (2012). Empowerment and creativity: A cross-level investigation. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 55-65.
76. Tan, C. L., & Chang, Y. P. (2015). Does Organizational Learning Affect R&D Engineers' Creativity?. Asian Social Science, 11(16), 137-152.
77. Taştan, S. B. (2016). Psychological capital: A positive psychological resource and its relationship with creative performance behavior. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 16(2), 101-118.
78. Taştan, S. B. (2013). The influences of participative organizational climate and self-leadership on innovative behavior and the roles of job involvement and proactive personality: A survey in the context of SMEs in Izmir. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 407-419.
79. Thompson, M. A., & Kahnweiler, W. M. (2002). An exploratory investigation of learning culture theory and employee participation in decision making. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 13(3), 271-288.
80. Tjosvold, D. (1982). Effects of approach to controversy on superiors' incorporation of subordinates' information in decision-making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(2), 189-205.
81. Tushman, M. L., & O'Reilly III, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8-29.
82. Utterback, J. M. (1994). Radical innovation and corporate regeneration. Research Technology Management, 37(4), 10-25.
83. Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Creativity and empowerment: a complementary relationship. Review of Business, 12(2), 13-30.
84. Wong, Y. Y., Chow, I. H. S., Lau, V. P., & Gong, Y. (2018). Benefits of team participative decision making and its potential to affect individual creativity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48(7), 369-376.
85. Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E., & Griffin, R.W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321.
86. Yu, M. C., Mai, Q., Tsai, S. B., & Dai, Y. (2018). An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 10(3), 864-885.
87. Yusliza, M. Y., Faezah, J. N., Noor, N. M. M., Ramayah, T., Tanveer, M. I., & Fawehinmi, O. (2020). Effects of supportive work environment on employee retention: The mediating role of person–organisation fit. Industrial and Commercial Training, 11(4), 53-73.
88. Zhang, M., & Geng, R. (2019). Empowerment in service recovery: the role of self-regulation process of frontline employee. Management Decision, 58(5), 828-843.
89. Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management journal, 44(4), 682-696.
90. Zhou, J. (2003). When the presence of creative coworkers is related to creativity: role of supervisor close monitoring, developmental feedback, and creative personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 413-435.
91. Zhou, Y., Fan, X., & Son, J. (2019). How and when matter: Exploring the interaction effects of high‐performance work systems, employee participation, and human capital on organizational innovation. Human Resource Management, 58(3), 253-268.
92. Zuheros, C., Martínez-Cámara, E., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2022). Crowd decision making: Sparse representation guided by sentiment analysis for leveraging the wisdom of the crowd. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 53(1), 369-379.
93. Zuheros, C., Martínez-Cámara, E., Herrera-Viedma, E., Katib, I. A., & Herrera, F. (2023). Explainable Crowd Decision Making methodology guided by expert natural language opinions based on Sentiment Analysis with Attention-based Deep Learning and Subgroup Discovery. Information Fusion, 97, 1-11.