Authors : Ayila Mopaya Ben; Lovwa Mulelenu Olivier; Nkwahata Masangata Leprince; Bobozo Bikayi Louis-Michel; Luntala Bakika Benedite; Ekof’amboyo Basambi Toussaint; Buanga Mapetu Jean-Pepé

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/5f9z4nwp

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/53apxf9p

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb1166

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Abstract : Homomorphic encryption (HE) represents a significant advancement in the field of cybersecurity due to its ability to perform operations on encrypted data without requiring prior decryption. This property offers particularly promising prospects for the protection of critical infrastructures, where the confidentiality of information and continuity of services are of paramount importance. Computer transport networks, which ensure the secure transmission of data across sensitive sectors such as railways, aviation, energy, or road transport, are increasingly exposed to sophisticated cyber threats. In this context, the integration of homomorphic encryption emerges as a relevant approach capable of enhancing data protection while preserving operational usability, particularly in environments that require near real-time processing. Furthermore, critical road infrastructures are increasingly based on interconnected computing architectures designed to manage traffic, intelligent signaling, sensor data collection, and assistance for automated driving systems. While this digital transformation improves efficiency and safety, it simultaneously increases the attack surface, including risks of malicious intrusions, data tampering, and breaches of confidentiality. In this framework, homomorphic encryption (HE) stands out as a promising solution, enabling analytical processing of data while maintaining it in an encrypted state. This work focuses on evaluating the impact of HE on the security, performance, and resilience of road computer networks considered as critical infrastructures. Following a thorough review of the scientific literature on various homomorphic encryption approaches and recent implementations, an evaluation methodology was developed considering multiple technical environments. This methodology relies on the use of specialized libraries such as Microsoft SEAL, PALISADE, Concrete, and Lattigo, integrated within Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) architectures, both in simulated and near-real conditions. The results highlight a significant improvement in data confidentiality and integrity through HE usage, while also pointing out operational constraints related to increased latency and computational load. Consequently, recommendations are proposed to optimize the integration of this technology in environments where response time requirements are critical, notably through the use of hardware accelerators and hybrid approaches combining homomorphic encryption with other cryptographic mechanisms.

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