Authors : Dr. Saad Ahmed Tanmoy; Md. Mahmudul Alam; Mohammad Ashraful Islam; Mohammad Saiful Islam; Md. Rafiquzzaman; Uzzal Kanti Debnath; Shamima Nasrin; Sharmina Afrin Sheemu

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 9 - September

---

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/ms768fc2

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26sep604

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

---

Abstract : Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and clinically significant complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes. However, data regarding the early development and clinical correlates of AKI among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain limited in resource-constrained settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of early AKI and examine its association with selected demographic and clinical characteristics among patients hospitalized with STEMI.

Keywords : STEMI, AKI, AMI.

References :

1. De Mendonça A, Vincent JL, Suter PM, Moreno R, Dearden NM, Antonelli M, et al.
2. Acute renal failure in the ICU: risk factors and outcome evaluated by the SOFA score. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:915-21.
3. Forman DE, Butler J, Wang Y, Abraham WT, O’Connor CM, Gottlieb SS, et al. Incidence, predictors at admission, and impact of worsening renal function among patients hospitalized with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:61-7.
4. Hoste EA, Lameire NH, Vanholder RC, Benoit DD, Decruyenaere JM, Colardyn FA. Acute renal failure in patients with sepsis in a surgical ICU: predictive factors, incidence, comorbidity, and outcome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14:1022-30.
5. Lassnigg A, Schmidlin D, Mouhieddine M, Bachmann LM, Druml W, Bauer P, et al. Minimal changes of serum creatinine predict prognosis in patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a prospective cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:1597-605.
6. Liaño F, Junco E, Pascual J, Madero R, Verde E. The spectrum of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit compared with that seen in other settings. The Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int Suppl 1998;66:S16-24.
7. Thakar CV, Worley S, Arrigain S, Yared JP, Paganini EP. Influence of renal dysfunction on mortality after cardiac surgery: modifying effect of preoperative renal function. Kidney Int 2005;67:1112-9.
8. Goldberg A, Hammerman H, Petcherski S, Zdorovyak A, Yalonetsky S, Kapeliovich M, et al. Inhospital and 1-year mortality of patients who develop worsening renal function following acute  ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2005;150:3307
9. Schaller MD, Nussberger J, Feihl F, et al. Clinical and hemodynamiccorrelates of elevated plasma arginine vasopressin after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1987;60:1178 - 80.
10. Petersen CL, Nielsen JR, Petersen BL, et al. Catecholaminergic activation in acute myocardial infarction: Time course and relation to left ventricular performance. Cardiology 2003;100:23 - 8.
11. Miyauchi T, Yanagisawa M, Tomizawa T, et al. Increased plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1989;2:53 - 4.
12. Watanabe T, Suzuki N, Shimamoto N, et al. Endothelin in myocardial infarction. Nature 1990;344:114.
13. Solomon SD, Pfeffer MA. Renin-angiotensin system and cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2002;106:2167 - 9.
14. Martin PY, Schrier RW. Sodium and water retention in heart failure: pathogenesis and treatment. Kidney Int Suppl 1997;59:S57 - S61.
15. Schrier RW, Abraham WT. Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:577 - 85.
16. Efendigil MC, Harley A, Deegan T, et al. Changes in glomerular filtration rate following myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 1975;9:741 - 4.
17. Abildgaard U, Andersen JS, Daugaard G, et al. Renal function in patients with untreated acute myocardial infarction. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992;52:689 - 95.
18. Koreny M, Karth GD, Geppert A, et al. Prognosis of patients who develop acute renal failure during the first 24 hours of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. Am J Med 2002; 112:115 - 9.
19. Hasdai D, Holmes Jr DR, Califf RM, et al. Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: predictors of death. GUSTO Investigators. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue-Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries. Am Heart J 1999;138:21 - 31.
20. Parikh CR, Coca SG, Wang Y, Masoudi FA, Krumholz HM (2008) Long-term prognosis of acute kidney injury after acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 168: 987–995.
21. Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Campodonico J, De Metrio M, Lauri G, et al. (2010) Acute kidney injury in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock at admission. Crit Care Med 38: 438–444.
22. Newsome BB, Warnock DG, McClellan WM, Herzog CA, Kiefe CI, et al. (2008) Long-term risk of mortality and end-stage renal disease among the elderly after small increases in serum creatinine level during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 168: 609–616.
23. Goldberg A, Kogan E, Hammerman H, Markiewicz W, Aronson D (2009) The impact of transient and persistent acute kidney injury on long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. Kidney Int 76: 900–906.
24. Amin AP, Spertus JA, Reid KJ, Lan X, Buchanan DM, et al. (2010) The prognostic importance of worsening renal function during an acute myocardial infarction on longterm mortality. Am Heart J 160: 1065–1071.
25. Ronco C, Haapio M, House AA, Anavekar N, Bellomo R (2008) Cardiorenal syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1527–1539.
26. Khosla N, Soroko SB, Chertow GM, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, et al. (2009) Preexisting chronic kidney disease: a potential for improved outcomes from acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: 1914–1919.
27. Kolli H, Rajagopalam S, Patel N, Ranjan R, Venuto R, et al. (2010) Mild acute kidney injury is associated with increased mortality after cardiac surgery in patients with eGFR,60 mL/min/1.73 m 2. Ren Fail 32: 1066–1072.
28. Skott M, Norregaard R, Sorensen HB, Kwon TH, Frokiaer J, et al. (2010) Preexisting renal failure worsens the outcome after intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25: 3509–3517
29. Ishani A, Xue JL, Himmelfarb J, Eggers PW, Kimmel PL, et al. (2009) Acute kidney injury increases risk of ESRD among elderly. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 223–228.
30. Wu VC, Huang TM, Lai CF, Shiao CC, Lin YF, et al. (2011) Acute-on-chronic kidney injury at hospital discharge is associated with long-term dialysis and mortality. Kidney Int 80: 1222–1230
31. Chertow GM, Normand SL, Silva LRet al.Survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with end-stage renal disease: results from the cooperative cardiovascular project.Am J Kidney Dis2000;35: 1044–1051.
32. Brown JR, Cochran RP, Dacey LJet al.Perioperative increases in serum creatinine are predictive of increased 90-day mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Circulation2006;114: I409–I413.
33. Loef BG, Epema AH, Smilde TDet al.Immediate postoperative renal function deterioration in cardiac surgical patients predicts in-hospital mortality and long-term survival.J Am Soc Nephrol2005;16: 195–200.
34. Al Suwaidi J, Reddan DN, Williams Ket al.Prognostic implications of abnormalities in renal function in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Circulation2002;106: 974– 980.
35. Shlipak MG, Heidenreich PA, Noguchi Het al.Association of renal insufficiency with treatment and outcomes after myocardial infarction in elderly patients.Ann Intern Med2002;137: 555–562.
36. Wright RS, Reeder GS, Herzog CAet al.Acute myocardial infarction and renal dysfunction: a high-risk combination. Ann Intern Med2002;137:563–570.
37. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth ACet al.Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention.Circulation2003;108: 2154–2169.
38. McCullough PA. Why is chronic kidney disease the ‘spoiler’ for cardiovascular outcomes?J Am Coll Cardiol2003;41: 725–728.
39. Townsend RR. Cardiac mortality in chronic kidney disease: a clearer perspective.Ann Intern Med2002;137: 615–616.
40. Mehta RL, Kellum J, Shah S, et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury.Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R31
41. Hou SH, Bushinsky D, Wish J, Cohen J, Harrington J. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency: a prospective study. Am J Med. 1983;74(2):243-248.
42. Nash K, Hafeez A, Hou S. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency.Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(5):930-936
43. Xue JL, Daniels F, Star RA, et al. Incidence and mortality of acute renal failure in Medicare beneficiaries, 1992 to 2001.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(4):1135-1142.
44. Mehta RL, Pascual MT, Soroko S, et al. Spectrum of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit: the PICARD experience. Kidney Int. 2004;66(4):1613-1621.
45. Weisbord SD, Chen H, Stone RA, et al. Associations of increases in serum creatinine with mortality and length of hospital stay after coronary angiography. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(10):2871-2877.
46. Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, Bonventre JV, Bates DW. Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients.J Am Soc Nephrol.2005;16(11):3365-3370.
47. Fox CS, Muntner P, Chen AY, Alexander KP, Roe MT, Cannon CP, Saucedo JF, Kontos MC, Wiviott SD. Use of evidence-based therapies in short-term outcomes of STsegment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network registry. Circulation. 2010;121:357–365
48. Coca SG, Yusuf B, Shlipak MG, Garg AX, Parikh CR. Long-term risk of mortality and other adverse outcomes after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53:961–973
49. Gibson CM, Pinto DS, Murphy SA, et al. Association of creatinine and creatinine clearance on presentation in acute myocardial infarction with subsequent mortality.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(9):1535-1543.
50. Sadeghi HM, Stone GW, Grines CL, et al. Impact of renal insufficiency in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.Circulation. 2003;108(22):2769-2775.
51. Shlipak MG, Heidenreich PA, Noguchi H, Chertow GM, Browner WS, McClellan MB. Association of renal insufficiency with treatment and outcomes after myocardial infarction in elderly patients.Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(7):555-562.
52. Walsh CR, O’Donnell CJ, Camargo CA Jr, Giugliano RP, Lloyd-Jones DM. Elevated serum creatinine is associated with 1-year mortality after acute myocardial infarction.Am Heart J. 2002;144(6):1003-1011.
53. Dumaine R, Collet JP, Tanguy ML, et al. Prognostic significance of renal insufficiency in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (the Prospective Multicenter SYCOMORE study).Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(12):1543-1547.
54. Freeman RV, Mehta RH, Al Badr W, Cooper JV, Kline-Rogers E, Eagle KA. Influence of concurrent renal dysfunction on outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes and implications of the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(5):718-724
55. Uchino S, Bellomo R, Goldsmith D, Bates S, Ronco C: An assessment of the RIFLE criteria for acute renal failure in hospitalized patients.Crit Care Med34: 1913–1917, 2006
56. Brown JR, DeVries JT, Piper WD, Robb JF, Hearne MJ, Ver Lee PM, Kellet MA, Watkins MW, Ryan TJ, Silver MT, Ross CS, MacKenzie TA, O’Connor GT, Malenka DJ. Serious renal dysfunction after percutaneous coronary interventions can be predicted. Am Heart J 2008;155:260–266.
57. Rakhit DJ, Zhang XH, Leano R et al. Prognostic role of subclinical left ventricular abnormalities and impact of transplantation in chronic kidney disease. Am Heart J 2007; 153: 656–664