Authors :
Jolina Rose B. Riña
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/794ndbnt
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/yjhpn5p5
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb946
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
The study identified the impact of pet attachment on empathy toward animals, animal empathy on prosocial
behavior, and pet attachment on prosocial behavior among Dual Income, No Kid (DINK) couples aiming to develop an
effective program to enhance mental health and foster healthy human-pet relationships. This study utilized a quantitative
research design specifically regression analysis and employed a purposive sampling technique with 101 DINK couples in
Sta. Cruz, Laguna. The study adopted instruments such as the Lexington Pet Attachment Scale (LAPS), the Animal
Empathy Scale (AES), and the Prosocialness Scale for Adults (PSA) for data gathering. Statistical tools used included a ninepoint Likert scale for LAPS, a four-point Likert scale for AES, a five-point Likert scale for PSA, percentage, mean, and
standard deviation formulas and regression analysis.
Findings indicated that pet attachment (x̄ = 2.27) was very high, animal empathy (x̄ = 6.12) was mildly high, and
prosocial behavior (x̄ = 3.84) was high among DINK couples. Analysis revealed a significant impact of pet attachment on
both animal empathy (B = 0.657, p < .05) and prosocial behavior (B = 0.283, p < .05), whereas animal empathy did not
significantly influence prosocial behavior (B = -0.090, p > .05). In conclusion, strong pet bonds among DINK couples boost
empathy and prosocial behavior, making pet attachment key to broader social engagement. Based on the results, the
proposed program, “Pawsitive Impact: Cultivating Pet Bonds, Empathy, and Prosocial Growth,” was designed to help DINK
couples to secure pet bonds, increase sensitivity to animal welfare, and promote prosocial behavior.
Keywords :
Pet Attachment, Animal Empathy, Prosocial Behavior, DINK Couples
References :
- Bhowal, T. (2024). Why DINK couples love their pets more than kids. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/society/story/why-dink-couples-love-their-pets-more-than-kids-2509208-2024-03-03?f_link_type=f_linkinlinenote&need_sec_link=1&sec_link_scene=im
- Blanchard, T., Zaboski-Pena, L., Harroche, I., Théodon, O., & Meynadier, A. (2024). Investigating influences on pet attachment in France: Insights from the adaptation of the French Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale. Human-Animal Interactions. https://DOI.org/10.1079/hai.2024.0027
- Bosacki, S., Tardif-Williams, C. Y., & Roma, R. P. S. (2022). Children’s and Adolescents’ Pet Attachment, Empathy, and Compassionate Responding to Self and Others. Adolescents, 2(4), 493–507. https://DOI.org/10.3390/adolescents2040039
- Chen, N. R. Y., Majeed, N. M., Lai, G. J., Koh, P. S., Kasturiratna, K. T. a. S., Kaur, M., Ho, A. Z. Y., Yong, J. C., & Hartanto, A. (2023). Human–Animal Interaction and Human Prosociality: A Meta-Analytic Review of Experimental and Correlational Studies. Anthrozoös, 37(2), 269–288.https://DOI.org/10.1080/08927936.2023.2288745
- Dakin, B. C., Tan, N. P., Conner, T. S., & Bastian, B. (2022). The relationship between prosociality, meaning, and happiness in everyday life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(6), 2787–2804. https://DOI.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00526-1
- Dinić, B. M., & Bodroža, B. (2021). COVID-19 protective behaviors are forms of prosocial and unselfish behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://DOI.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647710
- Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) in the Basque country. Animals, 15(1), 76. https://DOI.org/10.3390/ani15010076
- Faner, J. M. V., Dalangin, E. a. R., De Leon, L. a. T. C., Francisco, L. D., Sahagun, Y. O., & Acoba, E. F. (2024). Pet attachment and prosocial attitude toward humans: the mediating role of empathy to animals. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://DOI.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1391606
- Gómez-Leal, R., Costa, A., Megías-Robles, A., Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Faria, L. (2021). Relationship between emotional intelligence and empathy towards humans and animals. PeerJ, 9, e11274. https:// DOI.org/10.7717/peerj.11274
- Gujarathi, P., & Chatterjee, S. (2021). Empathy and Perceived Stress among Pet Owners and Non- Pet Owners during Young Adulthood. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 9(2). https://DOI.org/10.25215/0902.025
- Jonasson, E. (2022). Top 10 Ways Pets Make us Happier & Healthier - Eliza Jonasson - medium. Medium. https://medium.com/eliza-jonasson/top-10-ways-pets-make-us-happier-healthier-e97c4e47c3bf
- Joycepring. (2024). Rise of the DINKS (Double Income, No Kids) — Joyce Pring. Joyce Pring. https://www.joycepring.com/journal/2024/rise-of-the-dinks-double-income-no-kids
- Li, J. (2022). The Research on the Correlation among Pet Attachment, Prosociality, Social Support and Loneliness Based on MF-DCCA. Academic Journal of Computing & Information Science, 5(1).
- Nathania, E., Mahdiyyah, K., Chaidir, K. R., Phalapi, Y. R., & Wiguna, T. (2019). The relationship between empathy, prosocial behavior, peer relationships, and emotional problems in elementary schoolchildren in Indonesia. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine, 10(3), 118. https://DOI.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_71_19
- Paul, E. S. (2000). Empathy with Animals and with Humans: Are They Linked? Anthrozoös, 13(4), 194–202. https://DOI.org/10.2752/089279300786999699
- Prato-Previde, E., Ricci, E. B., & Colombo, E. S. (2022). The complexity of the Human–Animal bond: empathy, attachment and anthropomorphism in Human–Animal relationships and animal hoarding. Animals, 12(20), 2835. https://DOI.org/10.3390/ani12202835
- Shu, B. (2021). The Dink, Public Judgement and Stigma: The Childbearing issue in the Chinese context. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://DOI.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.186
The study identified the impact of pet attachment on empathy toward animals, animal empathy on prosocial
behavior, and pet attachment on prosocial behavior among Dual Income, No Kid (DINK) couples aiming to develop an
effective program to enhance mental health and foster healthy human-pet relationships. This study utilized a quantitative
research design specifically regression analysis and employed a purposive sampling technique with 101 DINK couples in
Sta. Cruz, Laguna. The study adopted instruments such as the Lexington Pet Attachment Scale (LAPS), the Animal
Empathy Scale (AES), and the Prosocialness Scale for Adults (PSA) for data gathering. Statistical tools used included a ninepoint Likert scale for LAPS, a four-point Likert scale for AES, a five-point Likert scale for PSA, percentage, mean, and
standard deviation formulas and regression analysis.
Findings indicated that pet attachment (x̄ = 2.27) was very high, animal empathy (x̄ = 6.12) was mildly high, and
prosocial behavior (x̄ = 3.84) was high among DINK couples. Analysis revealed a significant impact of pet attachment on
both animal empathy (B = 0.657, p < .05) and prosocial behavior (B = 0.283, p < .05), whereas animal empathy did not
significantly influence prosocial behavior (B = -0.090, p > .05). In conclusion, strong pet bonds among DINK couples boost
empathy and prosocial behavior, making pet attachment key to broader social engagement. Based on the results, the
proposed program, “Pawsitive Impact: Cultivating Pet Bonds, Empathy, and Prosocial Growth,” was designed to help DINK
couples to secure pet bonds, increase sensitivity to animal welfare, and promote prosocial behavior.
Keywords :
Pet Attachment, Animal Empathy, Prosocial Behavior, DINK Couples