Authors : Kaviya L.; Jothi Ganesh R.; JithishV.; Dr. Pandian P.

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2ce5xk46

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct1534

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Personalized medicine is a new area of medicine that focuses on how genetic differences affect individual response to drugs; called “pharmacogenomics.” However, traditional drug treatment involves a “one size fits all” approach that can lead to a lack of response to treatment or undesirable side effects from drugs because of variations in inter-individual response to drugs and drug metabolism. The present review summarizes some of the basic considerations of PG and its role in the safety, efficacy and personalization of pharmacotherapy. It shows genetic differences that are important for the metabolism of drugs, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions, and copy number variations, that may change the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and pharmacological targets.

Keywords : Pharmacogenomics; Personalized Medicine; Genetic Polymorphism; Drug–Gene Interactions; Cytochrome P450 Enzymes; Pharmacogenetic Testing; Adverse Drug Reactions; Genotype-Guided Therapy; Next-Generation Sequencing; Precision Medicine.

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