Authors : Sanskar Singh; Vineet Kumar Singh; Sanjeev Kumar; Prashant Kumar Sharma; Pushpendra Kannojia; Deeksha Sharma

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mkthrc6z

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/5ephsvrz

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar1477

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Background: Caffeine and Asphaltum punjabianum (Shilajit) are widely consumed bioactive substances that represent fundamentally different pharmacological paradigms. Caffeine is a well characterized methylxanthine with rapid central nervous system stimulant effects, whereas Shilajit is a complex herbomineral phytocomplex traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine as a rasayana and adaptogen, with emerging evidence of systemic regulatory effects.  Objectives: To critically synthesize contemporary preclinical and clinical literature on the pharmacokinetics, molecular mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and safety profiles of caffeine and Shilajit, and to contrast their modes of action while cautiously exploring potential interactions.  Materials and Methods: A narrative review of relevant preclinical and clinical studies was conducted, focusing on the pharmacological mechanisms, biological effects, and safety considerations of caffeine and Shilajit. Literature addressing theoretical interactions and regulatory challenges was also examined.  Results: Caffeine exerts acute neuromodulatory effects primarily through antagonism of adenosine A₁ and A₂A receptors, leading to transient improvements in alertness, cognition, and physical performance. In contrast, Shilajit demonstrates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial, and metabolic regulatory properties, suggesting a systems-level influence on cellular resilience and bioenergetics. No experimental studies directly evaluating combined use were identified, though theoretical complementarity and potential antagonism were discussed. Key challenges include Shilajit standardization, contamination risks, and regulatory limitations.  Conclusion: Caffeine and Shilajit possess distinct and well-defined pharmacological roles, with caffeine acting as an acute stimulant and Shilajit functioning as a long-term adaptogenic modulator. However, rigorous mechanistic and clinical investigations are required before any claims regarding combined or synergistic benefits can be substantiated.

Keywords : Caffeine; Asphaltum Punjabianum; Shilajit; Adenosine Antagonism; Fulvic Acid; Ergogenic Aid

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