Authors :
Abdullah; Ainun Khoiriyah
Volume/Issue :
Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 11 - November
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/mr2au999
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/564ckw7f
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10250927
Abstract :
The energy currently being utilized comes
from non-renewable sources, primarily fossil energy,
which is anticipated to run out shortly. As a result,
investigating alternate and sustainable energy sources is
imperative, such as biofuels. Bioethanol, a biofuel derived
from raw materials like lignocellulosic biomass from
agricultural waste, is a promising option. It is produced
through the fermentation reaction of sugars or
polysaccharides facilitated by microorganisms. On an
industrial scale, bioethanol is commonly produced from
sugars obtained from basic starch products like cassava,
corn or sugarcane. But the fact that these feedstocks—
which are high in sugar and starch—are primarily
utilized for food and feed has an impact on their steady
supply. In Indonesia, pineapple production has been
steadily increasing. Pineapple skin constitutes 41% of the
total pineapple fruit, often discarded or used as animal
feed. In 2022, pineapple production reached 3.2 million
tons, with the potential for 1.3 million tons of pineapple
peel waste. If not managed properly, this waste has the
potential to pollute the environment. Pineapple peel waste
(PPW) allows for the direct production of ethanol from
the juice by requiring only a milling process to extract
sugar into the fermentation medium. The characteristics
and mineral composition of Pineapple peel waste (PPW)
juice, along with the effects of adding nitrogen sources
((NH4)2SO4, (NH4)3PO4, (CO(NH2)2)) and micronutrient
(ZnSO4·7H2O, CuSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·7H2O) were studied.
It was discovered that the PPW juice had a 15.23% total
sugar content. Utilizing Pineapple peel waste (PPW) juice
as a raw material, bioethanol production was carried out
using Baker’s yeast (Fermipan from Sangra Ratu Boga
Company) with fermentation at 30°C for 72 hours at pH
5.5. The results revealed that the sample with urea
supplementation (2.3595 g/l) produced the highest alcohol
content at 13.052%, while the sample with Copper Sulfate
supplementation (0.05 g/l) yielded 11.723% alcohol. These
findings underscore the potential for sugar production
from Pineapple peel waste (PPW) for subsequent
bioethanol production. Further optimization of
bioreactor parameters is required to enhance bioethanol
production.
Keywords :
Bioethanol; Fermentation; Pineapple Peel; Waste; Baker’s Yeast; Nutrient; Renewable Sugars.
The energy currently being utilized comes
from non-renewable sources, primarily fossil energy,
which is anticipated to run out shortly. As a result,
investigating alternate and sustainable energy sources is
imperative, such as biofuels. Bioethanol, a biofuel derived
from raw materials like lignocellulosic biomass from
agricultural waste, is a promising option. It is produced
through the fermentation reaction of sugars or
polysaccharides facilitated by microorganisms. On an
industrial scale, bioethanol is commonly produced from
sugars obtained from basic starch products like cassava,
corn or sugarcane. But the fact that these feedstocks—
which are high in sugar and starch—are primarily
utilized for food and feed has an impact on their steady
supply. In Indonesia, pineapple production has been
steadily increasing. Pineapple skin constitutes 41% of the
total pineapple fruit, often discarded or used as animal
feed. In 2022, pineapple production reached 3.2 million
tons, with the potential for 1.3 million tons of pineapple
peel waste. If not managed properly, this waste has the
potential to pollute the environment. Pineapple peel waste
(PPW) allows for the direct production of ethanol from
the juice by requiring only a milling process to extract
sugar into the fermentation medium. The characteristics
and mineral composition of Pineapple peel waste (PPW)
juice, along with the effects of adding nitrogen sources
((NH4)2SO4, (NH4)3PO4, (CO(NH2)2)) and micronutrient
(ZnSO4·7H2O, CuSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·7H2O) were studied.
It was discovered that the PPW juice had a 15.23% total
sugar content. Utilizing Pineapple peel waste (PPW) juice
as a raw material, bioethanol production was carried out
using Baker’s yeast (Fermipan from Sangra Ratu Boga
Company) with fermentation at 30°C for 72 hours at pH
5.5. The results revealed that the sample with urea
supplementation (2.3595 g/l) produced the highest alcohol
content at 13.052%, while the sample with Copper Sulfate
supplementation (0.05 g/l) yielded 11.723% alcohol. These
findings underscore the potential for sugar production
from Pineapple peel waste (PPW) for subsequent
bioethanol production. Further optimization of
bioreactor parameters is required to enhance bioethanol
production.
Keywords :
Bioethanol; Fermentation; Pineapple Peel; Waste; Baker’s Yeast; Nutrient; Renewable Sugars.
