⚠ Official Notice: www.ijisrt.com is the official website of the International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) Journal for research paper submission and publication. Please beware of fake or duplicate websites using the IJISRT name.



Post-Traumatic Seizures in Pediatric Head Injury: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Cente


Authors : Dada Oluwamuyiwa Adeniyi

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yj775cz2

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/54xwrm28

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May288

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Background: Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are a common complication of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may contribute to secondary brain injury and poor neurological outcomes.  Objective: To determine the incidence, timing, predictors, and outcomes of PTS among children with head injury in a Nigerian tertiary care center.  Methods: This prospective cohort study included children aged 0-18 years admitted and managed for head injury between January 2024 and December 2025 at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Data on demographics, injury severity, neuroimaging findings, management, and seizure occurrence were collected. Functional outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of PTS and poor functional outcome.

Keywords : Post-Traumatic Seizures; Pediatric Head Injury; Traumatic Brain Injury; Functional Outcome.

References :

  1. World Health Organization. Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006.
  2. Hyder AA, Wunderlich CA, Puvanachandra P, Gururaj G, Kobusingye OC. The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective. NeuroRehabilitation. 2007;22:341-353.
  3. Dewan MC, Rattani A, Gupta S, et al. Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2019;130(4):1080-1097.
  4. Adeloye, A., Olumide, A.A. & Obiang, H.M. Acute head injuries in children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Child's Nerv Syst. 1986;  2: 309–313
  5. Udoh, D., & Adeyemo, A. (2014). Traumatic brain injuries in children: A hospital-based study in Nigeria. African Journal of Paediatric Surgery. 2014; 10(2): 154–159.
  6. Osifo, O.D., Iribhogbe, P.E. and Ugiagbe, E.E. (2012) Epidemiology and Pattern of Paediatric and Adolescent Trauma Deaths in a Level 1 Trauma Center in Benin City, Nigeria. Injury; 43: 1861-1864.
  7. Yablon SA. Post-traumatic seizures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993; 74(9): 983-1001.
  8. Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Coan SP, Rocca WA. Seizures after traumatic brain injuries. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338(1): 20-24.
  9. Jennett B. Epilepsy after non-missile head injuries. Scott Med J. 1973; 18(1): 8-13.
  10. Lowenstein DH. Epilepsy after head injury. Epilepsia. 2009; 50(Suppl 2): 4-9.
  11. Englander J, Bushnik T, Duong TT, et al. Analyzing risk factors for late posttraumatic seizures: a prospective, multicenter investigation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2003r; 84(3): 365-373.
  12. Holmes GL. Effect of Seizures on the Developing Brain and Cognition. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology. 2016; 23(2): 120-126.
  13. Pitkänen A, Bolkvadze T, Immonen R. Anti-epileptogenesis in rodent post-traumatic epilepsy models. Neurosci Lett. 2011; 27; 497(3): 163-71.
  14. Petridis AK, Doukas A, Maslehaty H, Mehdorn HM. Predictors and incidence of posttraumatic seizures in children and adolescents after brain injury. Clin Pract. 2012; 8: 2(3):e66.
  15. Arndt DH, Lerner JT, Matsumoto JH, Madikians A, Yudovin S, Valino H, McArthur DL, Wu JY, Leung M, Buxey F, Szeliga C, Van Hirtum-Das M, Sankar R, Brooks-Kayal A, Giza CC. Subclinical early posttraumatic seizures detected by continuous EEG monitoring in a consecutive pediatric cohort. Epilepsia. 2013; 54(10): 1780-8.
  16. Adeloye A, Odeku EL. Epilepsy after missile wounds of the head. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1971; 34(1): 98-103.
  17. Itanyi, Ukamaka, Kolade-Yunusa, Hadijat. Computed tomography findings in pediatric traumatic head injury in Abuja, Nigeria. African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2017; 16(1): 52
  18. Ferguson PL, Smith GM, Wannamaker BB, et al. Risk of epilepsy after traumatic brain injury. Epilepsia. 2010; 51(5): 891-898.
  19. Dikmen, S. S., Machamer, J. E., Winn, H. R., & Temkin, N. R. (1995). Neuropsychological outcome at 1-year post head injury. Neuropsychology.1995; 9(1): 80–90.
  20. Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-1984. Epilepsia. 1993; 34(3): 453-468.
  21. Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet. 1975; 1(7905): 480-484.
  22. Ritter AC, Wagner AK, Fabio A, et al. (2016). Incidence and risk factors of posttraumatic seizures following traumatic brain injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study. Epilepsia. 2016; 57(12): 1968–1977.
  23. Elsamadicy AA, Koo AB, David WB, Lee V, Zogg CK, Kundishora AJ, Hong C, Reeves BC, Sarkozy M, Kahle KT, DiLuna M. Post-traumatic seizures following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021; 203: 106556..
  24. Vespa PM, McArthur DL, Xu Y, Eliseo M, Etchepare M, Dinov I, Alger J, Glenn TP, Hovda D. Nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury are associated with hippocampal atrophy. Neurology. 2010 ; 75(9): 792-8.
  25. Mariajoseph FP, Chen Z, Sekhar P, Rewell SS, O'Brien TJ, Antonic-Baker A, Semple BD. Incidence and risk factors of posttraumatic epilepsy following pediatric traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia. 2022; 63(11): 2802-2812.
  26. Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Carney N, Totten AM, Adelson PD, Selden NR, Davis-O'Reilly C, Hart EL, Bell MJ, Bratton SL, Grant GA, Kissoon N, Reuter-Rice KE, Vavilala MS, Wainwright MS. Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Third Edition: Update of the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines, Executive Summary. Neurosurgery. 2019; 84(6): 1169-1178. Top of Form
  27. Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Wilensky AJ, et al. A randomized, double-blind study of phenytoin for the prevention of post-traumatic seizures. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(8):497-502.

Background: Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are a common complication of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may contribute to secondary brain injury and poor neurological outcomes.  Objective: To determine the incidence, timing, predictors, and outcomes of PTS among children with head injury in a Nigerian tertiary care center.  Methods: This prospective cohort study included children aged 0-18 years admitted and managed for head injury between January 2024 and December 2025 at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Data on demographics, injury severity, neuroimaging findings, management, and seizure occurrence were collected. Functional outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of PTS and poor functional outcome.

Keywords : Post-Traumatic Seizures; Pediatric Head Injury; Traumatic Brain Injury; Functional Outcome.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - May - 2026

SUBMIT YOUR PAPER CALL FOR PAPERS
Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe