Authors : Francy D. Ordineza

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4nek7h9y

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/y4thazr4

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov922

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : This study assessed the competencies of security personnel in relation to the core components of Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM), specifically focusing on disaster awareness and risk knowledge, emergency response and first aid skills, communication and coordination skills, and security and crowd management during disasters. A descriptive- correlational research design was employed, with data collected from respondents using a structured questionnaire. Results revealed that respondents generally rated the competencies of security personnel as "Competent" across all indicators, with the highest mean in the area of security and crowd management during disasters, followed by communication and coordination skills . Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between DRRM dimensions and specific competencies. Notably, emergency response and first aid skills were significantly correlated with prevention and mitigation and security and crowd management . A negative but significant relationship was found between the response component and communication and coordination skills, indicating challenges in this area during actual emergency situations. Governance and coordination showed the strongest positive correlation with disaster awareness and risk knowledge. The overall correlation between DRRM and security personnel competencies was also significant, suggesting that enhancements in DRRM practices can lead to improved disaster-related competencies among security personnel. The study concludes that strengthening DRRM strategies, particularly those related to governance, emergency preparedness, and coordination, is essential in enhancing the performance and readiness of security personnel in disaster scenarios. Recommendations include targeted training programs, institutional support mechanisms, and integrated participation of security personnel across all DRRM phases.

Keywords : Disaster Risk Reduction Management, Security Personnel, Emergency Response, Communication Skills, Disaster Preparedness, Governance.

References :

1. Al-Maaitah, R. BSN, MPH, DrPH (2019). Core Competencies in Disaster Nursing 2.0. International Council of Nurses https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN_Disaster-Comp-Report_WEB.pdf
2. Barairo, R.; Aquino, G. (2021) Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk First Edition, 2020, First Edition 2021.Studocu. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-the-visayas/physical-education/disaster-readiness-and-risk-reduction-module-1-basic-concept-of-disaster-and-disaster-risk/23822085
3. Blair, J.,  Mabee, W. (2020) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition). Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780081022962/international-encyclopedia-of-human-geography
4. Bollettino, V., et.al, (2018). Perception of Disaster Resilience and Preparedness in the Philippines. Harvard.edu. https://hhi.harvard.edu/sites/hwpi.harvard.edu/files/humanitarianinitiative
5. Bullock,J., Coppola, D. (2021). Introduction to Homeland Security (Sixth Edition). Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128171370/introduction-to-homeland-security
6. Chan, E.,  Ho, J. (2018) Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia. Science Direct.https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128127117/science-and-technology-in-disaster-risk-reduction-in-asia
7. Chang, K., Wang, W. (2021). Ranking the collaborative competencies of local emergency managers: An analysis of researchers and practitioners’ perceptions in Taiwan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221242092100056X
8. Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid (2021) DG Echo Guidance Note Disaster Preparedness           https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-02/dg_echo_guidance_note_-_disaster_preparedness_en.pdf
9. Climate Champions (2021, November) Top of the COP: Creating climate resilient communities. Raceto Resilience- Race to Zero. https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/top-of-the-cop-creating-climate-resilient-communities/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIqv-bnLHG_AIVopvCCh3g4AGYEAAYBCAAEgJBE_D_BwE
10. Coppola, D. (2020) Introduction to International Disaster Management (Fourth Edition). Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128173688/introduction-to-international-disaster-management
11. De Castro, R. (2020, December) 26 Commentary: Facing 21st century security challenges in Philippines Philstar.com https://www.philstar.com/news-commentary/2020/12/26/2066372/commentary-facing-21st-century-security-challenges-philippines
12. DENR (2023). Capacity Building on Mainstreaming CCAM-DRR among DENR Climate Change Focal Persons at Central, Regional, and Local Levels. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Official Website. https://climatechange.denr.gov.ph/index.php/programs-and-activities/denr-ccs/capacity-building-on-mainstreaming-ccam
13. Devex Partnerships (2021, June). How to build resilient communities. Devex Official Website. https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/how-to-build-resilient-communities-94134
14. Dewaele, L., Lucas,R. (2022) Policymaking to Support Resilience in Democratic Countries An Examination of Sweden, Israel, and Australia Published in: European Journal of Futures Research, Volume 10, Article number 13 (2022) https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP69076.html
15. Feldmann-Jensen, S et.al (2019) The next generation core competencies: Building a workforce with the knowledge, creativity, and policy expertise for disaster risk management. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.undrr.org/publication/next-generation-core-competencies-building-workforce-knowledge-creativity-and-policy
16. Ferreira, J., Pantidi, N. (2018). Digital Participation through Social Living Labs. Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081020593/digital-participation-through-social-living-labs
17. Finnish Red Cross (2020) Literature Review on Law and Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction. Red Cross Finland. https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/Final_-Literature-Review-on-Law-and-Recovery.pdf
18. Flynn, B., Sherman, R. (2017) Integrating Emergency Management and Disaster Behavioral Health. Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128036389/integrating-emergency-management-and-disaster-behavioral-health#book-description
19. Gramstrom, S. (2020). Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Metro Manila. Degree Project in Strategies for Sustainable Development Second Cycle. https://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1680923/FULLTEXT01.pdf
20. Haddow, G., Coppola, D. (2017) Introduction to Emergency Management (Sixth Edition). Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128030646/introduction-to-emergency-management
21. Haddow, G., Coppola, D. (2020) Introduction to Emergency Management (Seventh Edition). Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128171394/introduction-to-emergency-management
22. Hassink, R., Gong, H. (2020) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition). Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780081022962/international-encyclopedia-of-human-geography
23. Hemachandra, K., Amaratunga,D. (2021). Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risk. Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128187500/strengthening-disaster-risk-governance-to-manage-disaster-risk
24. ISSAT (n.d) Disaster Risk Reduction, Preparedness and Relief & the Security Sector . Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. International Security Sector Advisory Team (ISSAT) https://issat.dcaf.ch/Learn/SSR-in-Practice/Thematics-in-Practice/Disaster-Risk-Response-and-SSR
25. NEDA (2020). Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery Planning Guide. National Economic Development Authority Official Website. https://neda.gov.ph/disaster-rehabilitation-and-recovery-planning-guide/
26. Open, N. (2022). Disaster preparedness and core competencies among emergency nurses: A cross‐sectional study. NCBI.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8859035/
27. Padagdag, J. (2018). The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System. ADRC Visiting Researcher Program 2018B. Civil Defense. https://www.adrc.asia/countryreport/PHL/2018/Philippines_CR2018B.pdf
28. Pal, I. et.al (2021) Disaster Resilience and Sustainability. Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780323851954/disaster-resilience-and-sustainability#book-description
29. Rand Homeland Security Research Division (2022). Disaster Management and Resilience Rand Corporation. RAND Official Website. https://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CPA1963-1.html
30. Renne, J., Kim, K. (2022) Creating Resilient Transportation Systems. Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128168202/creating-resilient-transportation-systems
31. Senate of the Philippines (2021, September 20). An Act Strengthening the Regulation of Private Security Services Industry, Repealing for the Purpose, Republic Act. NO. 5487, Entitled, “An Act to Regulate the Organization and Operation of Private Detective, Watchmen or Security Guard Agencies”, As Amended Third Regular Session . Philippine Senate. https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3628132645!.pdf
32. South Asia Forum Project (2022) Looking South, Looking West: Manila Views Security Threats to the Philippines. Stimson.  https://www.stimson.org/event/looking-south-looking-west-manila-views-security-threats-to-the-philippines/
33. Statista Research Department (2022, February). Share of leading security challenges in the Philippines in 2022, by type. Website of Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1155734/philippines-leading-security-concerns-by-type/
34. Tan, M. (2020) Security guards. Inquirer. https://opinion.inquirer.net/129537/security-guards
35. The Trackforce Team (2022, August 24) Security Guards Are Facing These Top Issues. Industry News-Trackforce Valiant. https://www.trackforcevaliant.com/blog/security-challenges/
36. UNDDR (2019). Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines Status Report 2019. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.unisdr.org/files/68265_682308philippinesdrmstatusreport.pdf
37. UNESCO (2021) Disaster Risk Reduction. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Official Website.  https://en.unesco.org/disaster-risk-reduction
38. World Bank (2022, January). Ready to Rebuild : Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery Planning Guide Workbook - Philippines (English). Washington, D.C. World Bank Group Official Website. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/407991642694502665/Ready-to-Rebuild-Disaster-Rehabilitation-and-Recovery-Planning-Guide-Workbook-Philippines