Authors : Jaswanth Ginka; Makhadumsab Toragall

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/z9zx8wd4

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar493

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The RB1 gene is a tumor suppressor whose primary function is to regulate the cell cycle through the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). RB1 mutations are the primary cause of retinoblastoma. Beyond retinoblastoma, RB1 inactivation is associated with many other human cancers, including glioblastoma, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, melanoma, small cell lung cancer, bladder, prostate, breast, and endometrial cancers. Mutations in RB1 disrupt the G1 to S phase checkpoint, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation and genomic instability. Advanced studies highlight the role of RB1 in immune evasion and resistance to therapy, particularly in prostate and breast cancers. RB1 gene loss in small cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer represents a key molecular feature that influences treatment resistance and prognosis. RB1 status serves as a predictive biomarker in clinical oncology and guides the development of targeted therapies, especially cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors. Understanding RB1 is crucial for advancing personalized cancer treatment and improving patient outcomes across different malignancies.

Keywords : RB1 Gene; Cell Cycle; Carcinogenesis; Tumor Suppressor; Retinoblastoma.

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