One of the most significant challenges in fulfilling the essential requirements for a 5G system is achieving lower latency, which is the most dominant aspect in 5G. Unlike previous generations, where there was sufficient bandwidth for daily uses, today’s applications, such as VANET and online gaming, demand low latency. Control and location update information depend more on latency than on throughput. In this research, our focus will be on understanding and addressing this crucial aspect. To begin, we will explore the evolution to 5G NR (New Radio) based on the needs of humans and how technology has strived to accomplish its mission. A key aspect will be understanding the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for evaluating a cellular system’s performance. In-depth analysis will then be conducted on the technical aspects related to latency. Specifically, we will divide latency into different parts of the network and concentrate on Radio Access Network (RAN) latency. This will involve studying the impact of waveform and frame flexibility structures, channels, and duplex modes on latency, along with the role of numerologies. By investigating these technical aspects, we aim to contribute to the advancement of 5G systems, ensuring they meet the stringent latency requirements of modern applications. Ultimately, this research will pave the way for better 5G implementations, benefiting various industries and improving user experiences in critical areas like VANET and online gaming.

Keywords : 5G, Latency, Frame Structure, 5G NR, KPI,LTE,VANET, Simulation.