Authors : Lunjapikai Haokip; Kuppa Sree Vagdevi

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yc6mffb8

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/469s8apu

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb734

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The endoplasmic reticulum is an essential organelle necessary for synthesis of proteins, folding for export trafficking, and lipid metabolism. It plays a role in depot homeostasis by effectively accomplishing these functions. In most instances, the endoplasmic reticulum properly executes its task of properly folding the proteins it contains. Viral, bacterial, or any other form of cellular injury might also render the endoplasmic reticulum incompetent, thereby deranging protein folding. The unfolded protein response (UPR) restores the ER’s normal functioning. The UPR is a signaling system initiated when there is an aggregation of the misfolded proteins in the ER. Its main branches include the UPR are IRE1, ATF6, and PERK. These processes try to re-establish the normal functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum by enhancing the capability for protein folding, reducing protein production, and bettering protein degradation. If these adaptive processes are not successful and the stress is protracted, the UPR can turn to apoptosis, enabling the cell to self-destruct and prevent further damage. For this reason, the proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum is critical in maintaining intercellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, critical both for cellular signaling and function. This paper further look into the possibility of how UPR may aid in the treatment of chronic inflammation-related airway issues, since it is involved in airway inflammation and also examines the potential therapeutic benefits of pharmacological interventions targeting these pathways, as well as the role of ER stress in nonmalignant lung illnesses resulting from acute and chronic bacterial and viral infections.

Keywords : Endoplasmic Reticulum, UPR, Apoptotic, Inflammation, Airways, Bacterial, Viral, Homeostasis, Therapeutics.

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