Authors :
Dr. Memoona Mehboob; Dr. Farhat Rehman; Dr. Sereen Fatima; Dr. Mohammad Israr; Dr. Ammad Ali
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 9 - September
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/48w2m7h7
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/mr4dxc6b
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24SEP1572
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Objective:
To ascertain the prevalence of different cervical
abnormalities in connection t pap smear results with age
distribution of patient.
Method
The demographic makeup of the study population
was deduced by calculating the percentages of patients in
each age group. Numerous diseases were also identified
using the results of the Pap smear test, and percentages
associated with each diagnosis were computed. This
methodology made it possible to thoroughly analyze the
participants' diagnoses and age distribution, which
revealed trends in cervical health. One hundred
participants in all had Pap smears performed as part of
the study. Four age groups were established based on the
age distribution data gathered: 18–25, 25–35, 35–45, and
45–55 years old.
Result
The majority of participants (37%) were found to be
between the ages of 25 and 35, while there was a wide
variation of participant ages overall. Pap smear tests are
crucial for identifying potentially malignant or
precancerous diseases, as evidenced by the majority of
patients (71%) receiving a diagnosis of cancer or
intraepithelial lesions. There was also representation from
the following age groups: 18–25 (9%), 35–45 (28%), and
45–55 (4%). Four percent of the cases had atypical
squamous cell lesions, two percent had low-grade
squamous intraepithelial lesions, and one percent had
high-grade lesions.
Conclusion
These findings advance customized screening
programs and therapies aimed at specific age groups and
diagnostic categories as well as our knowledge of cervical
health patterns. People who are fertile should definitely get
screened for cervical cancer because the age group of 25 to
35 accounts for a substantial portion of diagnoses. The
importance of Pap smear testing for early identification
and preventive medicine is underscored by the prevalence
of intraepithelial lesions or cancer.
Keywords :
Pap Smear, Low Grade, High Grade, Lesion, Age, Female.
References :
- Lu, X.; Wang, T.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y. Analysis of influencing factors of viral load in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus. Virol. J. 2021, 18, 6.
- Voidăzan, T.S.; Budianu, M.A.; Rozsnyai, F.F.; Kovacs, Z.; Uzun, C.C.; Neagu, N. Assessing the Level of Knowledge, Beliefs and Acceptance of HPV Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Romania. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6939.
- Wang, Z.; Li, Z.; Li, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, W.; Hao, M.; Zhao, C. Prevalence and Distribution of HPV Genotypes in 1387 Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2/3 in Shanxi Province, China. J. Cancer 2018, 9, 2802–2806.
- Koliopoulos, G.; Nyaga, V.N.; Santesso, N.; Bryant, A.; Martin Hirsch, P.P.; Mustafa, R.A.; Schünemann, H.; Paraskevaidis, E.; Arbyn, M. Cytology versus HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in the general population. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2017, 10, 7.
- Arbyn, M.; Simon, M.; Peeters, E.; Xu, L.; Meijer, C.J.L.M.; Berkhof, J.; Cuschieri, K.; Bonde, J.; Ostrbenk Vanlencak, A.; Zhao, F.H.; et al. 2020 list of human papil-lomavirus assays suitable for primary cervical cancer screening. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2021, 27, 1083–1095.
- Varl, J.; Ivanus, U.; Marinsek, Z.P.; Jerman, T.; Valencak, A.O.; Poljak, M.; Prevodnik, V.K. Clinical relevance of the borderline results of the Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA assay with cervical samples collected in Specimen Transport Medium. Radiol. Oncol. 2019, 53, 316–322.
- Patel K, Hathila R, Chaudhri P, & Patel S. A study of cervical Papanicolaou smears examination in patients with abnormal vaginal discharge. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2019;8(1): 119-122.
- Salih MM, Alhag FT, Khalifa MA, El Nabi AH. Cervical cytopathological changes among women with vaginal discharge attending teaching hospital. J Cytol. 2017 Apr;34(2):90-4.
- Kumar N, Singh P, Rudra S. Papanicolaou smear as a tool for detection of Cervicovaginal Infections in a Rural Tertiary care centre of Northern India: Retrospective analysis. Ind J Obstet Gynecol Res. 2016;3(4):343-7.
- Sabu S, Nayak DM, Nair S, Shetty R. Role of papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of pathologic flora in asymptomatic patients in rural health care set-up. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017 Oct 1;11(10):EC10- EC13.
- Tekalegn, Y.; Sahiledengle, B.; Woldeyohannes, D.; Atlaw, D.; Degno, S.; Desta, F.; Bekele, K.; Aseffa, T.; Gezahegn, H.; Kene, C. High parity is associated with increased risk of cervical cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Womens Health 2022, 18, 17455065221075904.
- de Oliveira, G.G.; Eleutério, R.M.N.; Barbosa, R.D.C.C.; de Almeida, P.R.C.; Eleutério, J., Jr. Atypical squamous cells: Cytopathological findings and correlation with HPV genotype and histopathology. Acta Cytol. 2018, 62, 386–392.
- Mihaela, B.; Alexandru, B.; Roxana Elena, B.; Irina Ecaterina, J.; Florentina Ligia, F.; Anca-Maria, I.; Iovan, L.; Cîrstoiu, M.M.; Burcin, M.R.; Turcan, N. Modern interdisciplinary monitoring of cervical cancer risk. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2019, 60, 469–478.
- Ilisiu, M.B.; Hashim, D.; Andreassen, T.; Stoer, N.C.; Nicula, F.; Weiderpass, E. HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer in Romania: High-Risk HPV Prevalence among Ethnic Subpopulations and Regions. Ann. Glob. Health 2019, 85, 89
- Bruni, L.; Albero, G.; Serrano, B.; Mena, M.; Collado, J.J.; Gómez, D.; Muñoz, J.; Bosch, F.X.; de Sanjosé, S. ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Romania. Summary Report 22 October 2022. Available online: https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/ROU.pdf (accessed on 3 January 2023).
Objective:
To ascertain the prevalence of different cervical
abnormalities in connection t pap smear results with age
distribution of patient.
Method
The demographic makeup of the study population
was deduced by calculating the percentages of patients in
each age group. Numerous diseases were also identified
using the results of the Pap smear test, and percentages
associated with each diagnosis were computed. This
methodology made it possible to thoroughly analyze the
participants' diagnoses and age distribution, which
revealed trends in cervical health. One hundred
participants in all had Pap smears performed as part of
the study. Four age groups were established based on the
age distribution data gathered: 18–25, 25–35, 35–45, and
45–55 years old.
Result
The majority of participants (37%) were found to be
between the ages of 25 and 35, while there was a wide
variation of participant ages overall. Pap smear tests are
crucial for identifying potentially malignant or
precancerous diseases, as evidenced by the majority of
patients (71%) receiving a diagnosis of cancer or
intraepithelial lesions. There was also representation from
the following age groups: 18–25 (9%), 35–45 (28%), and
45–55 (4%). Four percent of the cases had atypical
squamous cell lesions, two percent had low-grade
squamous intraepithelial lesions, and one percent had
high-grade lesions.
Conclusion
These findings advance customized screening
programs and therapies aimed at specific age groups and
diagnostic categories as well as our knowledge of cervical
health patterns. People who are fertile should definitely get
screened for cervical cancer because the age group of 25 to
35 accounts for a substantial portion of diagnoses. The
importance of Pap smear testing for early identification
and preventive medicine is underscored by the prevalence
of intraepithelial lesions or cancer.
Keywords :
Pap Smear, Low Grade, High Grade, Lesion, Age, Female.