Authors : Arpit Suryavanshi; Dr. Parag Mishra; Bhagwat Dwivedi

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/bhmphc57

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3d7hcec5

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr902

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Biomass combustion in fixed-bed furnaces has emerged as a reliable and sustainable technology for thermal energy generation, particularly in small- to medium-scale applications. Due to the complex interaction of chemical reactions, fluid flow, and heat transfer, experimental investigation alone is often insufficient to fully understand furnace performance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has therefore become an essential tool for analyzing biomass combustion behavior and optimizing furnace design and operating conditions. This review paper presents a comprehensive assessment of numerical studies related to biomass combustion and heat transfer in fixed-bed furnaces. Emphasis is placed on combustion modeling approaches, Porous media treatment of biomass beds, turbulence and radiation models, parametric investigations, and performance evaluation techniques. Key findings, modeling challenges, and future research directions are also discussed to provide a consolidated reference for researchers and postgraduate students working in the field of biomass energy systems.

Keywords : iomass Combustion, Fixed-Bed Furnace, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Heat Transfer, Porous Media, Renewable Energy.

References :

1. Moodley, S., Naidoo, N., Mohammadi, A. (2019). An Overview of Coal Combustion. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12590.87365.
2. T.T. Al-Shemmeri, R. Yedla, D. Wardle, Thermal characteristics of various biomass fuels in a small-scale biomass combustor, Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 85, 2015, Pages 243–251, ISSN 1359-4311.
3. Khan, A., et al. (2023). Thermal efficiency evaluation of biomass furnaces. Fuel, 330.
4. Patel, R., et al. (2022). Numerical study of agricultural biomass combustion. Renewable Energy, 146, 1235–1246.
5. Brown, D., et al. (2022). Turbulence model comparison for biomass combustion. Processes, 10.
6. Verma, V., et al. (2022). Secondary air injection effects in biomass furnaces. Biomass and Bioenergy, 156.
7. Park, J., et al. (2022). Radiation model comparison in biomass combustion. Applied Thermal Engineering, 201.
8. Das, S., et al. (2022). Effect of bed height on biomass combustion. Renewable Energy, 186, 121–132.
9. Müller, T., et al. (2022). Flow field analysis in fixed-bed biomass furnaces. Energy Reports, 8, 556–568.
10. Rao, K., et al. (2021). CFD optimization of air inlet configuration in biomass furnaces. Thermal Science, 25, 789–800.
11. Chen, L., et al. (2021). Transient CFD analysis of biomass combustion. Energy Reports, 7, 312–324.
12. Gomez, M., et al. (2021). Numerical optimization of biomass combustion furnaces. Sustainable Energy Technologies.
13. Ahmed, S., et al. (2021). Effect of inlet air temperature on biomass combustion. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 143.
14. Liu, Y., et al. (2021). Influence of particle size on biomass combustion. Powder Technology, 384, 52–63.
15. Sharma, R., et al. (2021). Heat loss analysis in biomass furnaces using CFD. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 28.
16. Fernandez, J., et al. (2020). Simplified CFD modeling of small-scale biomass furnaces. Applied Energy, 261.
17. Singh, P., et al. (2020). Effect of equivalence ratio on biomass combustion. Fuel Processing Technology, 198.
18. Wang, H., et al. (2020). Wall heat flux analysis in biomass-fired furnaces. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 154.
19. Zhang, Y., et al. (2019). Numerical investigation of heat transfer in biomass-fired fixed-bed furnaces. Applied Thermal Engineering, 148, 108–119.
20. Kumar, A., et al. (2019). Effect of air staging on biomass combustion using CFD. Fuel, 245, 45–56.
21. Li, X., et al. (2019). Heat transfer mechanisms in biomass combustion systems. Energy, 179, 1034–1045.
22. Smith, J., et al. (2018). CFD modeling of biomass combustion in a fixed-bed furnace. Energy Conversion and Management, 165, 285–296.