Authors :
K. Daakshayani; B. Neha; K. Sravani; Shaik Mujahid; Dr . T. Rama Rao.
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 11 - November
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/27ha8hcf
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/znh2t5j7
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV151
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
UPLC, also known as ultra performance liquid
chromatography, was developed by Waters in 2004 and
represents an advanced form of HPLC(1). This method
has revolutionized liquid chromatography by catering to
particles smaller than 2 μm, leading to enhanced
sensitivity, speed, and resolution. Many experts believe
that UPLC will eventually supplant traditional HPLC
methods(2). The Van Deemter equation underpins this
transformative process by establishing a connection
between linear velocity and plate height.(1) Operating
with UPLC on smaller particles necessitates a higher
pressure limit compared to standard HPLC, which
typically operates at 6000 psi. In comparison to HPLC,
this method reduces mobile phase volume usage by at least
80% and shortens the runtime to approximately 1.5
minutes(3,4). UPLC, a modified version of HPLC, takes
advantage of advancements in particle chemistry
performance, system architecture, detector design, data
processing, and control, resulting in significant
enhancements in resolution, sensitivity, and efficiency(3).
This also leads to quicker results and reduced solvent
usage, making the technology more cost-effective and eco-
friendly(4)
Keywords :
UPLC, Metformin, Glimepiride, Empagliflozin, Diabetes.
References :
- Austin_Journal_of_Analytical_and_Pharmac (1). van Deemter JJ, Zuiderweg FJ, Klinkenberg A. Longitudinal diffusion and resistance to mass transfer as causes of nonideality in chromatography. Chem Eng Sci. 1956 Sep;5(6):271–89.
- Greibrokk T, Andersen T. High-temperature liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2003 Jun;1000(1–2):743–55.
- Ananda SA, Upadhayay A. A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY [Internet]. Available from: www.anveshanaindia.com
- Ruckmani K, Shaikh SZ, Khalil P, Muneera MS, Thusleem OA. Determination of sodium hyaluronate in pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC–UV. J Pharm Anal. 2013 Oct;3(5):324–9.
- Wu N, Dempsey J, Yehl PM, Dovletoglou A, Ellison D, Wyvratt J. Practical aspects of fast HPLC separations for pharmaceutical process development using monolithic columns. Anal Chim Acta. 2004 Oct;523(2):149–56.
- Unger KK, Kumar D, Grün M, Büchel G, Lüdtke S, Adam T, et al. Synthesis of spherical porous silicas in the micron and submicron size range: challenges and opportunities for miniaturized high-resolution chromatographic and electrokinetic separations. J Chromatogr A. 2000 Sep;892(1–2):47–55. article-62267.
- Plumb R, Castro‐Perez J, Granger J, Beattie I, Joncour K, Wright A. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐orthogonal time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2004 Oct 15;18(19):2331–7.
- Valcárcel M, Cárdenas S. Vanguard-rearguard analytical strategies. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2005 Jan;24(1):67–74. 371 (1).
- Fountain KJ. UPLC versus UHPLC: Comparison of Loading and Peak Capacity for Small Molecule Drugs.
- De Vooght-Johnson R. Symposium Report: The Waters Bioanalysis World Tour. Bioanalysis. 2010 Dec 26;2(12):1931–42.
- Ayeleso T, Matumba M, Mukwevho E. Oleanolic Acid and Its Derivatives: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential in Chronic Diseases. Molecules. 2017 Nov 13;22(11):1915.
- Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Wong S, Dolzhenko A V., Gegechkori V, Morton DW. HPTLC-guided flash chromatographic isolation and spectroscopic identification of bioactive compounds from olive flowers. J Chromatogr A. 2024 Oct;1735:465310.
- Basharat R, Kotra V, Loong LY, Mathews A, Kanakal MM, Dev CBP, et al. A Mini-review on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. Oriental Journal Of Chemistry. 2021 Aug 30;37(4):847–57.
- Nováková L, Matysová L, Solich P. Advantages of application of UPLC in pharmaceutical analysis. Talanta. 2006 Jan;68(3):908–18.
- Gu Y, Qian D, Duan J, Wang Z, Guo J, Tang Y, et al. Simultaneous determination of seven main alkaloids of Chelidonium majus L. by ultra‐performance LC with photodiode‐array detection. J Sep Sci. 2010 Apr 16;33(8):1004–9.
- Farré M la, Pérez S, Kantiani L, Barceló D. Fate and toxicity of emerging pollutants, their metabolites and transformation products in the aquatic environment. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2008 Dec;27(11):991–1007.
- Yu Y, Xiong T, Zhao K, Zhou Z, Ren Z, Yang J, et al. Tunable Alloying Improved Wide Spectrum UV-Vis-NIR and Polarization-Sensitive Photodetector Based on Sb–S–Se Nanowires. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2021 Aug;68(8):3887–93.
- Gaikwad VA, Varhadi SD, Gade NR, Gowekar NM. Issue:2 Citation [Internet]. Vol. 19. 2020. Available from: www.ijppr.humanjournals.com
- Naresh K, Bhawani S, Maneesh Kumar T. ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY [Internet]. Int. J. Pharm. Med. & Bio. Sc. 2014. Available from: www.ijpmbs.com
- Basharat R, Kotra V, Loong LY, Mathews A, Kanakal MM, Dev CBP, et al. A Mini-review on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. Oriental Journal Of Chemistry. 2021 Aug 30;37(4):847–57.
- Bhattacharya K, Randhoni Chanu N, Bhattacharjee A, Jyoti Sahariah B, Melody Devi C, Bordoloi R. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography - An Updated Review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022 Dec 24;5849–53.
- Sheliya KG, Shah K V. ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (UPLC): A MODERN CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE. Available from: www.pharmasm.com
- Ramachandra B. Development of Impurity Profiling Methods Using Modern Analytical Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2017 Jan 2;47(1):24–36.
- Sunil A. HPLC Detectors, Their Types and Use: A Review. Organic & Medicinal Chemistry International Journal. 2018 May 29;6(5).
- Komal Pramod S, Navnath KA. A BRIEF REVIEW ON ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. Sathe et al World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2017;6:407. Available from: www.wjpr.net
- Meenakshi D, Meenaxi M. A review on ultra performance liquid chromatography. Vol. 5, International Journal of Drug Development and Research. 2013. p. 29–34.
- Vinod Gaikwad P, Dinkar Sawant S, Rushikesh Ghante M, Manish Munot N. PHARMACIE GLOBALE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACY ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: A RECENT NOVEL DEVELOPMENT IN HPLC [Internet]. Vol. 01. 2010. Available from: www.pharmacie-globale.info
- Ding S, Schoenmakers I, Jones K, Koulman A, Prentice A, Volmer DA. Quantitative determination of vitamin D metabolites in plasma using UHPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010 Sep;398(2):779–89.
- Chawla PA. “Prospects of UPLC in Pharmaceutical Analysis over HPLC.” Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2022 Jul 7;45(1).
- Rajaei E, Jalali MT, Shahrabi S, Asnafi AA, Pezeshki SMS. HLAs in Autoimmune Diseases: Dependable Diagnostic Biomarkers? Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2019 Nov 25;15(4):269–76.
- Eisenbarth GS. Immunotherapy of diabetes and selected autoimmune diseases. CRC Press; 1989. 222 p.
- Olokoba AB, Obateru OA, Olokoba LB. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends. Oman Med J. 2012 Jul 16;27(4):269–73.
- Gupta S, Sharma N, Arora S, Verma S. Diabetes: a review of its pathophysiology, and advanced methods of mitigation. Curr Med Res Opin. 2024 May 3;40(5):773–80.
- Banday MZ, Sameer AS, Nissar S. Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna J Med. 2020 Oct 4;10(04):174–88.
- Singh VP. An Overview on Anti Diabetic Drugs and Development. Science & Technology Journal. 2016 Jul 1;4(2):113–23.
- Mohd AB, Sanka K, Gullapelly R, Diwan P V., Shastri N. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for glimepiride and its application for a novel self-nanoemulsifying powder (SNEP) formulation analysis and dissolution study. J Anal Sci Technol. 2014 Dec 1;5(1).
- Nirupa G, Tripathi UM. RP-HPLC analytical method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of three drugs: Glimepiride, pioglitazone, and metformin and its pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Chem. 2013;
- Mabrouk MM, Soliman SM, El‑Agizy HM, Mansour FR. A UPLC/DAD method for simultaneous determination of empagliflozin and three related substances in spiked human plasma. BMC Chem. 2019;13(1).
- Gundle M, Danao K, Shivhare R, Rokde V, Warokar A, Mahapatra D. Methodical insights into reported sophisticated analytical techniques for the determination of anti-diabetic drug empagliflozin in various pharmaceutical products. Vol. 10, Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences. MEDIC SCIENTIFIC; 2021. p. 3206–11.
- Gopal NM, Sridhar C. A VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN BULK DRUG AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2017 May 1;9(3):45.
- Dighe RD, Amrutkar PA, Sonawane GB, Bairagi VA. 1256-1267 Rajendra D.Dighe/Afr. JBioSc [Internet]. 2024;6(11):1256–67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33472/AFJBS.6.11.2024.1256-1267
- Vinayak A. katekar, Prafful P. Kothari, Swapnil S. Kawarkhe, Manish P. Surung, Vaishnavi B. Akotkar. A review on method development and validation of stability indicating RP HPLC Method for metformin and Empagliflozin. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023 Jul 30;24(1):310–8.
- Nandre DS, Ahmed A. STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN TABLET DOSAGE FORM. 2022;15:2022. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022v15i10.45616.
- Abou-Omar MN, Kenawy M, Youssef AO, Alharthi S, Attia MS, Mohamed EH. Validation of a novel UPLC-MS/MS method for estimation of metformin and empagliflozin simultaneously in human plasma using freezing lipid precipitation approach and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021 Jun;200:114078.
- Narikimalli A, Galla R. A stability indicating UPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2023 Jun 28;9(1).
- Padmaja N, Veerabhadram G. A novel stability indicating Rp-Uplc-Dad method for determination of metformin and empagliflozin in bulk and tablet dosage form. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2017;33(4):1949–58.
- Haritha G, Shanmugasundaram P. Stability indicating RP-UPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of ertugliflozin and metformin in plasma. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020 Dec 21;11(SPL4):2417–24.
- Vankalapati KR, Alegete P, Boodida S. Stability-indicating ultra performance liquid chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of metformin, linagliptin, and empagliflozin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Biomedical Chromatography. 2021 Apr 1;35(4)
UPLC, also known as ultra performance liquid
chromatography, was developed by Waters in 2004 and
represents an advanced form of HPLC(1). This method
has revolutionized liquid chromatography by catering to
particles smaller than 2 μm, leading to enhanced
sensitivity, speed, and resolution. Many experts believe
that UPLC will eventually supplant traditional HPLC
methods(2). The Van Deemter equation underpins this
transformative process by establishing a connection
between linear velocity and plate height.(1) Operating
with UPLC on smaller particles necessitates a higher
pressure limit compared to standard HPLC, which
typically operates at 6000 psi. In comparison to HPLC,
this method reduces mobile phase volume usage by at least
80% and shortens the runtime to approximately 1.5
minutes(3,4). UPLC, a modified version of HPLC, takes
advantage of advancements in particle chemistry
performance, system architecture, detector design, data
processing, and control, resulting in significant
enhancements in resolution, sensitivity, and efficiency(3).
This also leads to quicker results and reduced solvent
usage, making the technology more cost-effective and eco-
friendly(4)
Keywords :
UPLC, Metformin, Glimepiride, Empagliflozin, Diabetes.