Authors : Dr. Mohamed Hassan Ahmed; Dr. Ali Sheikh Mohamed Omer; Dr. Ahmed Hassan Mohamed; Dr. Mohamed Mohamud Ali Fuji; Dr. Ahmed Y. Guled

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 10 - October

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/37fy7vkc

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/33ab6726

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24OCT191

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Background: Gastritis, an inflammatory disorder affecting the lining of the stomach, is a prevalent health concern across the globe, particularly in developing regions like Somalia. This study aims to investigate the primary risk factors linked to gastritis among adults receiving care at Capital Hospital in Mogadishu.  Methods: An unmatched case-control study was executed from June 1 to July 30, 2024, involving 63 adult participants, with 21 patients diagnosed with gastritis through endoscopic procedures and 42 controls. A semi- structured questionnaire was employed to gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary patterns, lifestyle habits, medical histories, and medication usage. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.  Results: The investigation revealed a gastritis prevalence of 78.8%, with acute cases constituting 48.9% and chronic cases 29.9%. Female participants were identified as having a protective effect against gastritis (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=0.05, p=0.023), whereas the routine use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) significantly raised the risk (Crude Odds Ratio [COR]=5.03, p=0.041). Interestingly, the presence of Helicobacter pylori was associated with a reduced risk of developing gastritis (COR=0.11, p=0.032). Other lifestyle and dietary factors did not show significant correlations.  Conclusions: The results underscore the protective influence of gender and the associated risks of NSAID intake regarding gastritis among Somali adults. The unexpected finding of H. pylori infection linked to lower gastritis risk deserves further exploration. There is an urgent need for targeted public health strategies to address the effects of gastritis in Somalia.

References :

1. Gardos G, Cole JO. Maintenance antipsychotic therapy: is the cure worse than the disease? Am J Psychiatry. 1976 Jan;133(1):32–6.
2. DeMeester TR, Johnson LF. Evaluation of the Nissen antireflux procedure by esophageal manometry and twenty-four hour pH monitoring. Am J Surg. 1975 Jan;129(1):94–100.
3. Hadzhiyski P, Baycheva M, Shentova-Eneva R, Kofinova D, Markovska R, Mitov I, et al. Role of Extended Family for Intrafamilial Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bulgarian Children. Proc Bulg Acad Sci [Internet]. 2023 Nov 27 [cited 2024 Sep 17];76(11). Available from: http://proceedings.bas.bg/index.php/cr/article/view/426
4. Feyisa ZT, Woldeamanuel BT. Prevalence and associated risk factors of gastritis among patients visiting Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Hasnain SE, editor. PLOS ONE. 2021 Feb 9;16(2):e0246619.
5. Kidder GW, Montgomery CW. Oxygenation of frog gastric mucosa in vitro. Am J Physiol. 1975 Dec;229(6):1510–3.
6. Dr. Sakariye Abdullahi Hassan, Dr. Suleyman Abdullahi Mohamed, Kimutai TK. Risk Factors of Gastritis and its Prevalence Among Patients Visiting Kalkaal Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. 2022 Jul 17 [cited 2024 Sep 17]; Available from: https://zenodo.org/record/6850052
7. Jayte M. Scoping Review of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Somalia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors [Internet]. Research Square Platform LLC; 2023 [cited 2024 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3424391/v1
8. Li Y, Su Z, Li P, Li Y, Johnson N, Zhang Q, et al. Association of Symptoms with Eating Habits and Food Preferences in Chronic Gastritis Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Majtan J, editor. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med [Internet]. 2020 Jan [cited 2024 Sep 17];2020(1). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2020/5197201
9. Anteneh ZA, Andargie K, Tarekegn M. Prevalence and determinants of acute diarrhea among children younger than five years old in Jabithennan District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014. BMC Public Health. 2017 Jan 19;17(1):1–8.
10. Na; Statistics from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control. World Health Organization Global Statistics. AIDS. 1992 Oct;6(10):1229.
11. Coati I. Autoimmune gastritis: Pathologist’s viewpoint. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(42):12179.
12. 12.Öztekin M, Yılmaz B, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Clinical Features, Treatment, and Nutritional Aspects. Diseases. 2021 Sep 23;9(4):66.
13. Sharif S, Maqbool R, Naz S, Farasat T. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastritis in Shahdara and Associated Areas: Saima Sharif*, Rabia Maqbool, Shagufta Naz, Tasnim Farasat. Lahore Garrison Univ J Life Sci. 2021 Mar 31;5(01):19–28.
14. Abdi N. PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SELF REPORTED GASTRITIS AMONG   UNIVERSITIES STUDENTS IN HARGEISA SOMALILAND: cross sectional study (Preprint) [Internet]. JMIR Publications Inc.; 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 17]. Available from: http://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/58606
15. Figure 2: Perception of male and female respondents towards raptors in arid region Rajasthan. [Internet]. PeerJ; [cited 2024 Sep 17]. Available from: https://peerj.com/articles/15996/fig-2
16. Jayte M. Risk factors and management of urinary tract infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Jazira Specialist Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A cross-sectional study [Internet]. Research Square Platform LLC; 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3972095/v1
17. Abdu N, Mosazghi A, Teweldemedhin S, Asfaha L, Teshale M, Kibreab M, et al. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Usage and co-prescription with other potentially interacting drugs in elderly: A cross-sectional study. Yang JM, editor. PLOS ONE. 2020 Oct 9;15(10):e0238868.
18. Drina M. Peptic ulcer disease and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aust Prescr. 2017 Jun 1;40(3):91–3.
19. Du YL, Duan RQ, Duan LP. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with reduced risk of Barrett’s esophagus: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2021 Dec [cited 2024 Sep 17];21(1). Available from: https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-021-02036-5
20. Nobakht H, Boghratian A, Sohrabi M, Panahian M, Rakhshani N, Nikkhah M, et al. Association between Pattern of Gastritis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2016 Jun 13;8(3):206–11.