The main objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with lower respiratory infection due to mechanical ventilation. Methodology: Systematic review that consisted of the observation and deepening of a series of realities and theoretical reflections, the search engines of Pubmed, Medigraphic, Scielo, Elsevier, Dialnet, Medline were used, 25 articles were selected and the published ones were used as inclusion criteria between 2015-2020 in English, Portuguese and Spanish whose keywords were: risk factors, lower respiratory infections, NAVM, mechanical ventilation. Results: The average age of the patients in the studies was 60 years; In relation to the associated factors, the number of days with MV stands out, which on average in the studies was 8, the most common microorganisms P. aeruginosa with 77% and Klebsiella pneumonia with 62%. Conclusions: The risk factors are multiple, they manifest in each case according to the characteristics of the patients, so that lower respiratory infections are effectively associated with mechanical ventilation, but the level of complication is manifested from the conditions specific to each patient such as age, associated comorbidities and exposure to mechanical ventilation.

Keywords : Mechanical Ventilation, Lower Respiratory Infection, Risk Factors, Pneumonia