Authors : Hiranmaye Sarpana Chandu

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 10 - October

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mwcxdudy

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4mm5pby2

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24OCT654

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The increasing global demand for energy driven by population growth necessitates a shift towards renewable energy sources to address sustainability and environmental concerns. Renewable energy sources and how they function in tandem with electrical equipment to generate power are covered extensively in this study. Renewable sources like solar-thermal, hydro, wind, wave, tidal, geothermal, and biomass-thermal utilize electric machines to convert various forms of stored energy into electricity. The paper classifies these machines based on their design and application in renewable systems, highlighting the most common types, including DC, induction, and synchronous machines. It also evaluates their performance according to efficiency, power density, and cost-effectiveness. A primary focus is on the challenges associated with controlling electrical machines in renewable energy systems, including issues related to intermittency, grid integration, nonlinear dynamics, fault tolerance, harmonics, efficiency optimization, thermal management, scalability, real-time control, and cost constraints. The paper concludes by discussing the need for advanced control strategies and solutions to address these challenges, aiming to enhance a reliability, efficiency, and performance of renewable energy systems.

Keywords : Electrical Machines, Renewable Energy, Challenges, Solutions, Classification.

References :

1. M. U. Naseer, A. Kallaste, B. Asad, T. Vaimann, and A. Rassõlkin, “A review on additive manufacturing possibilities for electrical machines,” 2021. doi: 10.3390/en14071940.
2. R. Takarli et al., “A Comprehensive Review on Flywheel Energy Storage Systems: Survey on Electrical Machines, Power Electronics Converters, and Control Systems,” 2023. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3301148.
3. G. Buticchi et al., “The Role of Renewable Energy System in Reshaping the Electrical Grid Scenario,” IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc., 2021, doi: 10.1109/OJIES.2021.3102860.
4. P. Gajewski and K. Pieńkowski, “Control of the hybrid renewable energy system with wind turbine, photovoltaic panels and battery energy storage,” Energies, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14061595.
5. S. Tamilselvi et al., “A review on battery modelling techniques,” 2021. doi: 10.3390/su131810042.
6. E. Hossain, E. Kabalci, R. Bayindir, and R. Perez, “A comprehensive study on microgrid technology,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Res., 2014.
7. B. J. M. de Vries, D. P. van Vuuren, and M. M. Hoogwijk, “Renewable energy sources: Their global potential for the first-half of the 21st century at a global level: An integrated approach,” Energy Policy, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.09.002.
8. S. Mathur and S. Gupta, “An Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Protocol Techniques for Extending the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network,” in 2023 International Conference on the Confluence of Advancements in Robotics, Vision and Interdisciplinary Technology Management, IC-RVITM 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/IC-RVITM60032.2023.10434975.
9. A. Bandara, K. Hemapala, and N. C. Ekanayake, “A survey on hybrid renewable energy systems for microgrid application,” in PIICON 2020 - 9th IEEE Power India International Conference, 2020. doi: 10.1109/PIICON49524.2020.9113033.
10. R. Kandari, N. Neeraj, and A. Micallef, “Review on Recent Strategies for Integrating Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids,” 2023. doi: 10.3390/en16010317.
11. K. V. V. and S. G. Jubin Thomas , Piyush Patidar, “An analysis of predictive maintenance strategies in supply chain management,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch., vol. 06, no. 01, pp. 308–317, 2022, doi: DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.6.1.0144.
12. S. Sinha and S. S. Chandel, “Review of software tools for hybrid renewable energy systems,” 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.035.
13. F. R. Badal, P. Das, S. K. Sarker, and S. K. Das, “A survey on control issues in renewable energy integration and microgrid,” 2019. doi: 10.1186/s41601-019-0122-8.
14. J. Benedek, T. T. Sebestyén, and B. Bartók, “Evaluation of renewable energy sources in peripheral areas and renewable energy-based rural development,” 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.020.
15. R. T. Muhammad Harris Hashmi, Muhammad Affan, “A Customize Battery Management Approach for Satellite,” 2023 24th Int. Carpathian Control Conf., 2023.
16. P. A. Owusu and S. Asumadu-Sarkodie, “A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation,” 2016. doi: 10.1080/23311916.2016.1167990.
17. K. T. Chau, “Machines for Renewable Energy ( Invited,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. B, vol. 42, no. May, pp. 45–74, 2012.
18. D. Maradin, “Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources utilization,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, 2021, doi: 10.32479/ijeep.11027.
19. S. R. Thota and S. Arora, “Neurosymbolic AI for Explainable Recommendations in Frontend UI Design - Bridging the Gap between Data-Driven and Rule-Based Approaches,” no. May, pp. 766–775, 2024.
20. K. Patel, “Quality Assurance In The Age Of Data Analytics: Innovations And Challenges,” Int. J. Creat. Res. Thoughts, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. f573–f578, 2021.
21. V. R. Sandeep Gupta, Puneet Matapurkar, Priyanka Gupta, “INTEGRATION OF SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY: A REVIEW OF CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS,” J. Emerg. Technol. Innov. Res., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. e604–e609, 2023.
22. M. Bollen and F. Hassan, Integration of Distributed Generation in the Power System. 2011. doi: 10.1002/9781118029039.
23. D. Aliprantis et al., “Guest Editorial Electric Machines in Renewable Energy Applications,” 2015. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2015.2494639.
24. M. J. Melfi and S. D. Umans, “DC machines,” in Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronic Power Engineering: Volumes 1-3, 2022. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821204-2.00005-2.
25. Z. Németh and M. Kuczmann, “State space modeling theory of induction machines,” 2020. doi: 10.1556/606.2020.15.1.12.
26. S. Müller, D. Maier, and N. Parspour, “Inductive Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine for Electrical Vehicles—Design, Optimization and Measurement,” Energies, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16041657.
27. K. Kumar and S. Bae, “Coordinated Dynamic Power Management for Renewable Energy-Based Grid-Connected Microgrids Using Model Predictive Control,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TII.2022.3231409.
28. R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and P. Rodríguez, Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems. 2010. doi: 10.1002/9780470667057.
29. Y. Yang, F. Blaabjerg, and H. Wang, “Low-voltage ride-through of single-phase transformerless photovoltaic inverters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2282966.
30. F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, “Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power generation systems,” 2006. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2006.881997.
31. J. M. Carrasco et al., “Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey,” 2006. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2006.878356.
32. L. Xu and P. Cartwright, “Direct active and reactive power control of DFIG for wind energy generation,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2006, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2006.875472.
33. J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, L. G. De Vicuña, and M. Castilla, “Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC microgrids - A general approach toward standardization,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2066534.
34. I. A. R. Al-Saddaee, B. Z. S. Azzawi, and M. Ari, “Renewable Energy System Based on Cellular Base Stations Application,” in 2023 3rd International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies, ICAECT 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/ICAECT57570.2023.10117994.
35. L. Wang, S. C. Lin, and Y. C. Hsu, “Stability Analysis of a Multi-machine Power System Connected with a DC Microgrid Consisting of Renewable Energy Systems, Energy Storage Systems, and Electric Vehicle Loads,” in 2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids, ETFG 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/ETFG55873.2023.10408095.
36. Y. Zhou, G. Xu, and Y. Huang, “Experiment Analysis on Motor-Generator Pair System for Providing Inertia of Renewable Energy,” in ICEMS 2018 - 2018 21st International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2018. doi: 10.23919/ICEMS.2018.8549047.
37. P. Rezaei, N. Heidari, S. H. Mirbarati, A. Nikoofard, M. A. A. Golkar, and H. Khaloozadeh, “A Novel Energy Management Scheme for a Microgrid with Renewable Energy Sources Considering Uncertainties and Demand Response,” in 2022 12th Smart Grid Conference, SGC 2022, 2022. doi: 10.1109/SGC58052.2022.9998980.
38. Z. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Shen, S. Ren, D. Ma, and D. Xiao, “Research on the Application of Open-End Winding PMSM in Renewable Energy System,” in 2023 26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/ICEMS59686.2023.10345000.
39. Y. Zhang, Q. Zhou, L. Zhao, Y. Ma, Q. Lv, and P. Gao, “Dynamic reactive power configuration of high penetration renewable energy grid based on transient stability probability assessment,” in 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration: Connecting the Grids Towards a Low-Carbon High-Efficiency Energy System, EI2 2020, 2020. doi: 10.1109/EI250167.2020.9346594.