Authors : Dr. Abilakshmi; Dr. Amutha; Dr. Durga

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 8 - August

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Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/ysnmxksh

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26aug1410

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

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Abstract : Instrumental (operative vaginal) delivery is the use of forceps or vacuum to assist in the vaginal delivery of the fetus. It is performed when expeditious delivery is required for maternal and fetal indications and spontaneous vaginal delivery is not imminent [1–3]. The two principal instruments used for assisted vaginal birth are forceps and vacuum, and the choice depends on the clinical situation, operator experience, and availability [2]. Instrumental deliveries account for 10–15% of all vaginal births worldwide.

Keywords : Instrumental Delivery; Operative Vaginal Delivery; Forceps; Vacuum; Obstetrics; Maternal Outcome; Neonatal Outcome.

References :

1. O'Mahony F, Hofmeyr GJ, Menon V, et al. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;9:CD005455.
2. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Assisted Vaginal Birth. Green-top Guideline No. 26. London: RCOG; 2020. Updated guidance information reviewed 2024.
3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Operative Vaginal Birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 219. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(4):e149-e159. Reaffirmed 2025.
4. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Operative Vaginal Birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 219. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(4):e149-e159. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003764.
5. Verma GL, Spalding JJ, Wilkinson MD, Hofmeyr GJ, Vannevel V, O'Mahony F. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;9(9):CD005455. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005455.pub3.
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