Authors : Harsh Mistry; Joshi Jaydeep; Bharat Dogra

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2p9uwm7m

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3uzn9mxk

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr492

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Abstract : This paper presents the design and development of a self-balancing one-wheel bike as an innovative solution for compact and efficient personal transportation. The system is based on the principle of an inverted pendulum, where stability is achieved through continuous real-time adjustments. A combination of sensors, including a gyroscope and accelerometer, is used to detect the tilt angle and motion of the bike. These inputs are processed using a microcontroller that implements a closed-loop control algorithm, primarily based on PID control, to maintain balance. The motor dynamically adjusts torque to counteract disturbances and ensure rider stability. A prototype model is developed and tested under various operating conditions to evaluate performance. The results demonstrate effective balance control, quick response time, and energy efficiency. This study highlights the potential of single-wheel self-balancing systems for modern urban mobility. Future improvements focus on enhancing control strategies and safety features for practical deployment.

Keywords : Self-balancing system, One-Wheel Bike, Inverted Pendulum, PID Control, Dynamic Stabilization, Microcontroller, Sensor Fusion, Gyroscope and Accelerometer, Electric Mobility, Autonomous Control, Embedded Systems, Personal Transportation.

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