Authors : B. Kishore; S. Vishwa Teja; N. Ramakrishna; S. Umesh; B. Sharath; B. Varshith

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2af835nb

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4zxts4tn

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov1058

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Abstract : Modern power systems face increasing challenges in maintaining voltage stability, improving power transfer capacity, and reducing transmission losses due to growing electricity demand and limited infrastructure expansion. Reactive power management has emerged as a critical factor in addressing these challenges, as uncontrolled reactive power leads to voltage fluctuations, reduced equipment utilization, increased line losses, and potential system instability. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of reactive power compensation techniques utilizing Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers, which represent a paradigm shift from conventional mechanical compensation methods to advanced power electronic-based solutions. FACTS controllers provide dynamic, fast-acting control of transmission system parameters through power electronic switching devices, enabling real-time reactive power compensation without the limitations of traditional mechanical systems. This paper investigates various FACTS controller topologies including Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), analyzing their operational principles, control strategies, and performance characteristics in both shunt and series compensation configurations. The study demonstrates how FACTS controllers enhance power system stability by maintaining voltage profiles within acceptable limits, damping power oscillations, improving power factor, and increasing the load ability of existing transmission corridors without requiring costly infrastructure expansion. Through theoretical analysis and system modeling, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of different FACTS devices in various power system scenarios, comparing their technical benefits, economic viability, and application suitability. The findings indicate that strategic deployment of FACTS controllers offers significant advantages in terms of improved system efficiency, enhanced reliability, and deferred capital investment in new transmission facilities, making them essential components of modern smart grid infrastructure.

Keywords : Power Systems, Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Voltage Sourcs Converters, Shunt Controllers, Series Controllers, Reactive Power Compensation, Power Quality.

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