Study and Analysis of the Manufacture of Roman Concrete ; Uses of Volcanic Ash and seawater in Ancient Roman Concrete; Chaos, Complexity and Order from the Pozzolanic Reaction


Authors : Sarbajit Roy; Neeraj Sinha; Ravindra Kumar; Romus A.; Vishal Kumar; Arya Gupta; Shailendra Pandey; Purushotam Kumar; Sudhir Kumar; Abhimanyu Kumar; Deepshikha Mishra

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 7 - July

Google Scholar : https://bit.ly/3TmGbDi

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3f3kebkz

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8216893

Abstract : Roman concrete has withstood the ravages of nature for more than two thousand and many ancient Roman structures still stand. The Romans used volcanic ash as a binder for their concrete and seawater as a mixing and caring agent . The addition of seawater and volcanic ash has been a secret recipe for the unique strength and durability of Roman concrete that gets better with age. The way Roman concrete cures and sets is the secret of its solidity and durability. The hydration of Roman Concrete can go on for centuries. This paper provides the process of manufacture of the modern version of Roman concrete by the addition of volcanic ash as a clinker and the addition of quicklime. It also provides the platform for addition of seawater and production of the durability that shall far exceed the performance of Portland Cement. Furthermore, it explains the advent of Chaos and nonlinearity in concrete production which also produces order in the concrete structure system.

Roman concrete has withstood the ravages of nature for more than two thousand and many ancient Roman structures still stand. The Romans used volcanic ash as a binder for their concrete and seawater as a mixing and caring agent . The addition of seawater and volcanic ash has been a secret recipe for the unique strength and durability of Roman concrete that gets better with age. The way Roman concrete cures and sets is the secret of its solidity and durability. The hydration of Roman Concrete can go on for centuries. This paper provides the process of manufacture of the modern version of Roman concrete by the addition of volcanic ash as a clinker and the addition of quicklime. It also provides the platform for addition of seawater and production of the durability that shall far exceed the performance of Portland Cement. Furthermore, it explains the advent of Chaos and nonlinearity in concrete production which also produces order in the concrete structure system.

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