Authors : Akinyemi, A.A.; Mashazi, P.N.

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 2 - February

---

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3zewmxhd

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/bdd9wcx3

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25feb1230

Google Scholar

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 15 to 20 days to display the article.

---

Abstract : The materials used in this work were the first-row transition metals octacarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanines complexes. The complexes were synthesized and immobilized onto gold electrode surfaces. The immobilization method used to modify gold electrode was highly stable. The complexes improved the efficiency of the gold electrodes . Modification of electrodes with MPcs protects the electrode surfaces from chemical fouling, provides enhanced catalytic properties, improves sensitivity and selectivity. The complexex and the electrode surfaces were characterized using Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Ultra-violet Spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy (MS), Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy (UV- Vis) , Elemental Analysis

Keywords : Octacarboxyphenoxy Phthalocyanines, First-Row Transition Metals, Gold Electrode, Immobilization Method.

References :

1. M. D. Brown, M. H. Schoenfisch, Catalytic selectivity of metallophthalocyanines for electrochemical nitric oxide sensing, Electrochim Acta, 2018 (273) 98–104. 
2. M. Grobosch, C. Schmidt, R. Kraus, M. Knupfer, Electronic properties of transition metal phthalocyanines: The impart of the central metal atom (d⁵-d¹⁰), Organic Electronics 2010, 11, (9) 1483–1488. 
3. T. Koczorowski, W. Szczolko and T. Goslinski, Physicochemical properties and catalytic applications of iron porphyrazines and phthalocyanines, Recent progress in organometallic chemistry, 2017 (5) 101-121. 
4. C. G. Claessens, U. Hahn, T. Torres, Phthalocyanines: From outstanding electronic properties to emerging applications, The Chemical Record, 2008 (8) 75–97.
5. S. H. Kim, J. W. Namgoong, S. B. Yuk, J. Y. Kim, W. Lee, C. Yoon, J. P. Kim, Synthesis and characteristics of metal-phthalocyanines tetrasubstituted at non-peripheral (a) or peripheral (b) positions, and their applications in LCD color filters, Journal of Inclusion Phenomena Macrocyclic Chemistry 2015 (82) 195–202. 
6. R. Li, X. Zhang, P. Zhu, D. K. P. Ng, N. Kobayashi, and J. Jiang, Electron-donating or withdrawing nature of substituents revealed by the electrochemistry of metal-free phthalocyanines, Inorganic Chemistry, 2006 (45) 2327−2334. 
7. M. G. Waltera, A. B. Rudineb and C. C. Wamser, Porphyrins and phthalocyanines in solar photovoltaic cells, Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2010 (14) 759–792. 
8. R. Burkitt, T. R. Whiffen, E. H. Yu, Iron phthalocyanines and MnOx composite catalysts for microbial fuel cell applications, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2016 (181) 279-288. 
9. D. D. Eley, Phthalocyanines as semiconductors, Nature 1948 (4125) 819. 
10. P. Vasudevan, N. Phougat and A. K. Shukla, Metal phthalocyanines as electrocatalysts for redox reactions, review, Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1996, 10 (8) 591-604. 
11. T. Ndlovu, O. A. Arotiba, S. Sampath, R. W. Krause and B. B. Mamba, An exfoliated graphite-based bisphenol an electrochemical sensor, Sensors 2012 (12) 11601-11611.
12. B. O. Agboola and K. I. Ozoemena, Self-assembly and heterogeneous electron transfer properties of metallo-octacarboxyphthalocyanine complexes on gold electrode, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2008 (10) 2399–2408. 
13. S. Boland, F. Barrière and D. Leech, Designing stable redox-active surfaces: chemical attachment of an osmium complex to glassy carbon electrodes prefunctionalized by electrochemical reduction of an in-situ-generated aryldiazonium, Langmuir 2008, 24 (12) 6351-6358. 
14. L. Cheng, X. Ge and L. Huang, Direct amidation of non-activated phenyl acetic acid and benzylamine derivatives catalysed by NiCl_2, Royal Society Open Science, 2018 (5) 171870. 
15. J. R. Dunetz, J. Magano and G. A. Weisenburger, Large-scale applications of amide coupling reagents for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, Organic Process Research Development, 2016 20 (2) 140-177. 
16. S. E. Maree and T. Nyokong, Syntheses and photochemical properties of octasubstituted phthalocyaninato zinc complexes, Journal of Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2001 (5) 782–792. 
17. P. J. Stephens, Theory of magnetic circular dichroism. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1970 52 (7) 3489.
18. P. N. Mashazi, P. Westbroek, K. I. Ozoemena, T. Nyokong, Surface chemistry and electrocatalytic behaviour of tetra-carboxysubstituted iron, cobalt and manganese phthalocyanines self-assembled monolayers on gold electrode. Electrochimica Acta 2007 (53) 1858-1869.  
19. M. A. Rauf, S. Hisaindee, J.P. Graham, M. Nawaz, Solvent effects on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Cu (ii) phthalocyanines and DFT calculations, Journal of Molecular Liquids 2012 (168) 102-109.