Authors : Ranga, Y. G.; Gongden, J. J.; Solomon, P., Anbomutuniya, T.; Goji, S. Y.

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 1 - January

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4rjrutdj

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/34mxk7r8

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14885953

Abstract : Carbamide (urea) was extracted from cow urine and complexed with chromium (II), manganese (II) and iron (III) in a 1:3 metal-ligand ratio. The physicochemical parameters such as colour, melting point, pH, and solubility of the isolated urea crystals was determined at 37oC and compared with standard urea crystals. The characterization of the complexes was carried out using UV-VIS, FT-IR and XRD methods. There were shifts in the UV-VIS spectra of the metal salts from 350nm, 380nm and 360nm to 389nm, 383nm, and 389nm of the corresponding complexes respectively. These confirm the formation of complexes at those regions. The FT-IR spectra showed stretching symmetry and asymmetry frequency peaks Vs (NH2) and Vas (NH2), C=O and V (C-N) all stretched. The prepared complexes of Cr (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) have a tentative coordinate points at O and N atoms. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the complexes showed sharp peaks at 2θ=30.1, 23.2 and 23.1which is a strong indication that they are crystalline in nature. The anti-bacterial study of the synthesized complexes indicated that they are potentially active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Cr (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) complexes were active at 50mg/ml concentration while all the complexes are active at 200mg/ml concentration.

Keywords : Carbamide, Physicochemical, Characterization, Symmetry, Asymmetry.

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