Authors : Bishal Saha; Dr. Divyendu Gautam

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 4 - April

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr129

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Abstract : The treatment of breast cancer contains numerous successes yet it persists as a leading world-wide medical problem. Molecular targeted therapy represents an essential treatment strategy because it focuses therapy on three genetic markers particularly Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and Hormone Receptors (HR) along with Breast Cancer Gene (BRCA) mutations. The treatment outcomes have significantly improved by HER2 inhibitors which include trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). The therapy of breast cancer positive for hormone receptors becomes more effective through the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors which control cell growth and defeat resistance to hormone therapy. The Poly (Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors olaparib and talazoparib prove beneficial for triple-negative breast cancer patients who have BRCA mutations. The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab together with other immunotherapies demonstrates great benefit specifically in triple-negative breast cancer when the disease progresses rapidly. Current treatment of breast cancer faces major hurdles because patients develop drug resistance and their tumors show variation between individuals while experiencing adverse side effects. Ongoing study on combination therapeutic approaches seeks to develop treatments which increase both treatment efficacy and patient survival rates.

Keywords : Breast Cancer; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Inhibitors; Poly (Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors; Immunotherapy.

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