Authors : Okwudili E. Umeagukwu; Ephraim R. Afia; Inuaeyen N. Inuaeyen; Owoidoho I. Brown

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yj7mwz8p

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct642

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This work investigated the economic viability and optimization of whiteboard marker ink using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The production was achieved using biochar, bioethanol, and natural resin at the range of 10 - 50 g, glycerol from 100 - 500 mL, and 10g – 50g, respectively. The Ink produced was characterize to check the viscosity, drying time, erasability and density. The ink at optimal condition has a drying time of 3.39s, viscosity of 1.47mPa.s at 30g of biochar, 300 mL of glycerol, and 30g resin. The results were compared to those of commercial inks. The results showed that the viscosity of commercial ink was 2.1mPa∙s. and analysis revealed that the commercial marker ink had the fastest drying rate than the ink produced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups associated with the whiteboard marker ink produced. The techno-economic analysis carried out shows that it is viable and promising to invest on whiteboard marker with the raw materials understudied. The overall results show that natural sourced materials are viable and innovative material for whiteboard ink production.

Keywords : Agricultural Waste, Whiteboard Marker Ink, Optimization, Response Surface Methodology, Techno-Economic Analysis.

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